glucose. The influence of the solution acidity on the deconstruction of Miscanthus giganteus was examined by varying the 1-butylimidazole to sulfuric acid ratio. Increased acidity led to shorter preteatment times and resulted in reduced hemicellulose content in the pulp. Addition of water to the ionic liquid resulted in enhanced saccharification yields. The ability to tune acidity through the u...

Eucalyptus globulus represents one of the most suited fibre sources for the production of a wide range of high quality papers and high-purity dissolving pulps. The optimization of kraft pulping covering both continuous and batch processes demands kinetic models suitable for advanced control and offline optimization of the cooking operation. Quite recently, an improved kinetic model structure fo...

The toad bladder, like the kidney tubule, is capable of reabsorbing sodium actively, that is against the electrochemical gradient, and chloride and water passively. The bladder is composed of (a) an epithelial cell layer believed to be the site of the active transport process; (b) a subepithelial layer made up of connective tissue fibers and cells, blood vesels, and bundles of smooth muscle fib...

Extraction and separation of proteins is important for their interesting applications as continuous enzymatic reaction and/or product separation systems. In this work, a new highly efficient homogeneous capture and heterogeneous liquid–liquid separation strategy is presented for the extraction of proteins from aqueous solution by PEG (poly(ethylene glycol))-functionalized ionic liquids, which h...

In this manuscript, the electrocatalytic oxidation of doxepin (DOX) was studied at a carbon ionic liquid electrode, fabricated using graphite, and the ionic liquid 1-octylpyridinium hexaflourophosphate (OPFP). The surface of the proposed electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Differential pulse voltammetry was applied as an analytical technique for quantification of sub-mi...

In order to research the application of [C4mim] Br-K2HPO4 ionic liquid aqueous two-phase system to extract ficin, the influence of reagents to the activity of ficin have been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of species and concentration of the ionic liquid, the dosage of ficin, pH value and temperature on the partitioning behavior of ficin, respectively. Response surfac...

Li/CFx is one of the highest-energy-density primary batteries; however, poor rate capability hinders its practical applications in high-power devices. Here we report a preparation of fluorinated graphene (GFx) with superior performance through a direct gas fluorination method. We find that the so-called "semi-ionic" C-F bond content in all C-F bonds presents a more critical impact on rate perfo...