The experiments reported here describe the derivation of an immunogenic melanoma cell line from B16 melanoma by sequential in vitro mutagenization with two chemical mutagens: n-methyl n-nitro n-nitrosoguanine (MNNG) and ethane methyl sulfonate (EMS). Following in vivo screening of over 100 mutant melanoma clones, a single clone was selected for further study. When transplanted to the anterior s...

Ocular immune privilege (IP) limits the immune surveillance of intraocular tumors as certain immunogenic tumor cell lines (P815, E.G7-OVA) that are rejected when transplanted in the skin grow progressively when placed in the anterior chamber of the eye. As splenectomy (SPLNX) is known to terminate ocular IP, we characterized the immune mechanisms responsible for rejection of intraocular tumors ...

Intraocular tumors of any type are uncommon. The most common primary malignant tumor of the eye, uveal melanoma, occurs in 7 persons per million population per year -less than one tenth the incidence of lung cancer. Retinoblastoma occurs as a childhood disease approximately as frequently as hemophilia. These two intraocular tumors, related only by anatomic proximity, have very different histories.

PURPOSE Injection of tumor cells transformed by the early region 1 of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5E1) in the anterior chamber (AC) of C57BL/6 mice leads to intraocular tumor formation. This tumor disappears spontaneously 3 to 4 weeks after tumor inoculation without damaging the neighboring ocular tissues. Previous studies have shown that CD4+ T cells, IFNgamma, and TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-...

  Background and Objectives: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular pediatric malignancy. Angiogenic factor expression such as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in retinoblastoma can be confirmatory angiogenic potential of this tumor. This study was performed to determine the role of angiogenesis in local invasion of retinoblastoma and its correlation with patients’ sur...

SUMMARY A malignant intraocular neoplasm that resembled human retinoblastomas was produced in CD rats by injection of human adenovirus type 12. Fluid (0.01 ml), containing adenovirus type 12, l0@@ 50% tissue culture infective doses/mI, from culture fluids ofhuman embryo kidney cells was injected into the vitreous cavity of each newborn rat. Three of 35 virus-injected rats developed an intraocul...

Immune privilege of the eye protects against sight-threatening inflammatory events, but can also permit outgrowth of otherwise nonlethal immunogenic tumors. Nonetheless, ocular tumor growth can be controlled by cellular immune responses. However, this will normally result in phthisis of the eye, in case tumor rejection is mediated by a delayed-type hypersensitivity response orchestrated by CD4(...

Making the correct diagnosis of an iris–ciliary body tumor can be challenging. A 35-year-old woman sought care because of a growing amelanotic lesion that destroyed the iris root and produced a large ciliary body mass. She had a history of systemic lupus erythematosus. The tumor was completely removed with an iridocyclectomy, which revealed that the plasma cells had been producing a large amoun...

Nowadays 3D printing allows us to create physical objects on the basis of digital data. Thanks to its rapid development the use enormously increased in medicine too. Its creations facilitate surgical planning processes, education and research in context of organ transplantation, individualization prostheses, breast forms, and others.Our article describes the wide range of applied 3D printing te...