Despite widespread interest in the evolution of social intelligence, little is known about how wild animals acquire and store information about social companions or whether individuals possessing enhanced social knowledge derive biological fitness benefits. Using playback experiments on African elephants (Loxodonta africana), we demonstrated that the possession of enhanced discriminatory abilit...

As Peter Drucker (2000) has pointed out, the foundation of the 21st century organization is no longer money or capital or even technology; it is knowledge. In order for that knowledge to create value, it must be shared. Some discussions of knowledge sharing in organizations and, indeed, some knowledge management initiatives seem to assume that given the right technology and/or the proper cultur...

Active learning consists on the incremental generation of “good” training examples for machine learning techniques. Usually, the objective is to balance between cost of generating and analyzing all the instance space, and cost of generation of “good” examples. While there has been some work on its application to inductive learning techniques, there have been very few approaches applying it to p...

We use Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) to acquire information about verbs as required by Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. In particular, we show that stable concepts permit creating verb classes with good generalisation power; and that association rules are useful for complementing incomplete verb information.

Existing systems to acquire knowledge from expository texts do not perform any learning beyond interpreting the contents of the text. The opportunity to learn from examples included in texts is not exploited. This is a needless limitation because examples in texts usually show the reader how to integrate the declarative part of the text into an operational concept or procedure. Explanation-base...

The goal of the work reported here is to capture the commonsense knowledge of non-expert human contributors. Achieving this goal will enable more intelligent human-computer interfaces and pave the way for computers to reason about our world. In the domain of natural language processing, it will provide the world knowledge much needed for semantic processing of natural language. To acquire knowl...

Combination of prior knowledge and implicit knowledge hidden in the data of system can enhance the quality of information services in Knowledge Grid. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are constructed by experts using prior knowledge and do not acquire the implicit knowledge from the data of systems directly, which may distort the dynamical behaviour of information services systems in which knowledge ...

This essay expounds on individuals’ acquisition and development of cultural competence via the process of communication. It highlights both the importance of culture and communication in our lives and the close associations between culture, communication, cultural literacy, and cultural competence. The author explicates the commonly experienced difficulty in “knowing the true face” of one’s cul...

In order to survive, all cells need a consistent supply of blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove wastes. When the blood supply or perfusion is impaired, ischemia develops and can progress to necrosis, if prolonged. For this reason, perfusion is a critical concept for nurses to understand and incorporate into practice. The purpose of this concept analysis is to help the nurse acqui...