Background and Introduction: The question of the origin of nanophase magnetite in Martian meteorite ALH84001 has been widely debated for nearly a decade. Golden et al. [1] have reported producing nearly chemically pure magnetite from thermal decomposition of chemically impure siderite [(Fe, Mg, Mn)CO3]. This claim is significant for three reasons: first, it has been argued that chemically pure ...

Increasingly a focus of research as well as media reports and online forums, the use of placebos in clinical medicine extends beyond sugar pills and saline injections. Physician surveys conducted in various countries invariably report that placebos are routinely used clinically, impure placebos more frequently than the pure ones, and that physicians consider them to be of legitimate therapeutic...

An impure language is one that combines functional and imperative constructs. We propose a method for ensuring termination of impure concurrent languages that makes it possible to combine term rewriting measure-based techniques with traditional approaches for termination in functional languages such as logical relations. The method can be made parametric on the termination technique employed on...

This article explores the role of women during Hajj season as depicted in Sabaic inscriptions and Arabic sources. Prior to Islam, were restricted from participating if they impure. However, suggest that did partake pre-Islamic era, albeit with lesser involvement than men. discrepancy could be due challenging nature rituals involved. Additionally, covers some prohibitions must observed Hajj, suc...

In this work, we are going to deal with a very special type of complex systems: Deontical Impure Systems (Nescolarde-Selva et al, 2012; Nescolarde-Selva and Usó-Doménech, 2012; Nescolarde-Selva and UsóDoménech, 2013; Usó-Doménech and NescolardeSelva, 2012; Usó-Doménech and Nescolarde-Selva, 2013). They are Systems because there are objects and relations among them. They are Impure because these...

The Price of Warm Glow This paper presents a model and experimental evidence to explain the “volunteering puzzle" where agents prefer volunteering time to donating money when monetary donations are, ceteris paribus, more efficient for providing resources to charity. In the model agents receive heterogeneous utility from pure and impure altruism (Andreoni 1989) that permits warm glow to vary bet...

This paper develops a general model of private provision of a public good that includes the option to consume an impure public good. I use the model to investigate positive and normative consequences of “green markets.” Green markets give consumers a new choice: instead of simply consuming a private good and making a donation to an environmental public good, consumers can purchase an impure pub...

When compared to equilibrium data in pure solvent, variations of solubility are frequently observed in the presence of dissolved impurities. It is also well-known that impurities can inhibit the crystallization processes and lead to supersaturation barriers below which the growth of crystals is cancelled. However, many papers dealing with the inhibiting effects of impurities in solution crystal...

Recent behavioral evidence indicates a key role for intent in moral judgments of harmful acts (e.g. assault) but not impure acts (e.g. incest). We tested whether the neural responses in regions for mental state reasoning, including the right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ), are greater when people evaluate harmful vs impure violations. In addition, using multivoxel pattern analysis, we investig...

This paper provides a general framework for understanding consumer behavior related to goods and services that may be considered environmentally friendly, ethically produced, fairly traded, or some combination thereof. This paper generalizes the impure public good model and derives its comparative static properties. The model accounts for any number of impure public (green) goods and joint prod...