Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of nails seen frequently in immune competent and immune compromised patients due to dermatophytes, Candida spp., Fusarium spp., Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus spp. We report a case of onychomycosis in a young immunocompetent male who presented onycholysis of a solitary nail without inflammation. The etiological agent was diagnos...

UNLABELLED Natural transformation by competent bacteria is a primary means of horizontal gene transfer; however, evidence that competence drives bacterial diversity and evolution has remained elusive. To test this theory, we used a retrospective comparative genomic approach to analyze the evolutionary history of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a bacterial species with both competent and ...

Participation of the pineal gland and melatonin in the innate immune response is part of a dynamic and intricate network that acts throughout the inflammatory response, integrating signaling pathways and regulatory processes at the molecular, cellular and organism levels. The pineal gland is a target for pathogen-associated molecular patterns and for inflammatory mediators, and melatonin, which...

Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the only presently available vaccine against tuberculosis, was obtained from virulent M. bovis after serial passages in vitro. The vaccine strain retained at least some of its original virulence, as it persists in immune-competent hosts and occasionally may cause fatal disease in immune-deficient hosts. Mycobacterial persistence in vivo is thought to depend on anaerobic...

presentation of an unusual case of cerebral aspergillosis in an immune competent patient who was treated successfully but symptoms and signs of a demyelinating process following initial recovery has been occurred. a 29-year-old male with focal seizure. brain mri revealed small multiple hemispheric and dural lesions. an open biopsy was conducted. histological evaluation revealed hyphe-like struc...