BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely used for the management of pain and inflammation. However, little remains known about the effects of NSAIDs on synovitis of the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The aims of this study were to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs on synovitis of the TMJ and the inflammatory effects of PGE2 on ...

Prostaglandins (PGs) have numerous cardiovascular and inflammatory effects. Cyclooxygenase (COX), which exists as COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms, is the first enzyme in the pathway in which arachidonic acid is converted to PGs. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exerts a variety of biological activities for the maintenance of local homeostasis in the body. Elucidation of PGE2 involvement in the signalling molec...

PGE2 has been shown to play a prominent role in regulating Th1 and Th2 type responses. We studied the role of PGE2 in IFN-gamma production by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-stimulated spleen cells from several mouse strains such as BALB/c, C3H/HeN, and C57BL/6. When spleen cells were pretreated with indomethacin (cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 inhibitor) or NS-398 (COX-2-specific inhibitor), S...

Omega-6 ( -6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), abundant in the Western diet, are precursors for a number of key mediators of inflammation including the 2-series of prostaglandins (PG). PGE2, a cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolite of arachidonic acid, a -6 PUFA, is a potent mediator of inflammation and cell proliferation. Dietary supplements rich in -3 PUFA reduce the concentrations of 2-series PG...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine which is made by osteoblasts and has diverse effects on bone metabolism. We studied the interaction of IL-6 with the Ca2+ and cAMP signaling systems in the osteoblastic cell line UMR-106 and in primary osteoblastic cultures derived from neonatal rat calvariae. IL-6 did not alter basal intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) but inhibited ...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis leading to destruction of cartilage and bone. PLA2 enzymes are key players in inflammation regulating the release of unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (AA), a precursor of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. Several lines of evidence point to toll-like receptors (TLRs) as drivers of synovitis and join...

Aim: To evaluate the ability of red and white hibiscus (H) in improving epithelial barrier indomethacin-induced duodenal colonic inflammation, compared with prebiotic to investigate whether and/or can be used as natural like agents. Methods: Histological, histomorphometric, histochemical demonstration for goblets cells mucin intensity. Immunohistochemical COX-2, tight junctions (Claudin-1 E-cad...

Trappe TA, Standley RA, Jemiolo B, Carroll CC, Trappe SW. Prostaglandin and myokine involvement in the cyclooxygenaseinhibiting drug enhancement of skeletal muscle adaptations to resistance exercise in older adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 304: R198 –R205, 2013. First published December 5, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00245.2012.—Twelve weeks of resistance training (3 days/wk) combi...

The role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the development of inflammatory symptoms and cytokine production was evaluated in vivo using a neutralizing anti-PGE2 monoclonal antibody 2B5. In carrageenan-induced paw inflammation, pretreatment of rats with 2B5 substantially prevented the development of tissue edema and hyperalgesia in affected paws. The antibody was shown to bind the majority of PGE2 p...

BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the main metabolite of cyclooxygenase (COX), is a well-known anti-fibrotic agent. Moreover, myofibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast expansion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are critical to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Our aim was to investigate the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 in human lung ...