In a finite-dimensional vector space, every subspace is finite-dimensional and the dimension of a subspace is at most the dimension of the whole space. Unfortunately, the naive analogue of this for modules and submodules is wrong: (1) A submodule of a finitely generated module need not be finitely generated. (2) Even if a submodule of a finitely generated module is finitely generated, the minim...

‎in a recent paper c‎. ‎miguel proved that the diameter of the commuting graph of the matrix ring $mathrm{m}_n(mathbb{r})$ is equal to $4$ if either $n=3$ or $ngeq5$‎. ‎but the case $n=4$ remained open‎, ‎since the diameter could be $4$ or $5$‎. ‎in this work we close the problem showing that also in this case the diameter is $4$.

Idempotent matrices play a significant role while dealing with different questions in matrix theory and its applications. It is easy to see that over a field any idempotent matrix is similar to a diagonal matrix with 0 and 1 on the main diagonal. Over a semiring the situation is quite different. For example, the matrix J of all ones is idempotent over Boolean semiring. The first characterizatio...

in this paper we introduce the notions of g∗l-module and g∗l-module whichare two proper generalizations of δ-lifting modules. we give some characteriza tions and properties of these modules. we show that a g∗l-module decomposesinto a semisimple submodule m1 and a submodule m2 of m such that every non-zero submodule of m2 contains a non-zero δ-cosingular submodule.

‎let $r$ be a domain with quotiont field $k$‎, ‎and‎ ‎let $n$ be a submodule of an $r$-module $m$‎. ‎we say that $n$ is‎ ‎powerful (strongly primary) if $x,yin k$ and‎ ‎$xymsubseteq n$‎, ‎then $xin r$ or $yin r$ ($xmsubseteq n$‎ ‎or $y^nmsubseteq n$ for some $ngeq1$)‎. ‎we show that a submodule‎ ‎with either of these properties is comparable to every prime‎ ‎submodule of $m$‎, ‎also we show tha...

During this search all rings are commutative and modules unitary. In we introduced the concept of Restrict Nearly semi-prime Sub-modules as generalization give some basic properties, examples charactarizations concepts stablished sufficient conditions on to be

In this paper, all rings are associative with identity and all modules are unital left modules unless otherwise specified. Let R be a ring and M a module. N ≤M will mean N is a submodule of M. A submodule E of M is called essential in M (notation E ≤e M) if E∩A = 0 for any nonzero submodule A of M. Dually, a submodule S of M is called small in M (notation S M) if M = S+T for any proper submodul...

In this paper we introduce the notions of G∗L-module and G∗L-module whichare two proper generalizations of δ-lifting modules. We give some characteriza tions and properties of these modules. We show that a G∗L-module decomposesinto a semisimple submodule M1 and a submodule M2 of M such that every non-zero submodule of M2 contains a non-zero δ-cosingular submodule.

We prove the following results: (1) Every group is a maximal subgroup of some free idempotent generated semigroup. (2) Every finitely presented group is a maximal subgroup of some free idempotent generated semigroup arising from a finite semigroup. (3) Every group is a maximal subgroup of some free regular idempotent generated semigroup. (4) Every finite group is a maximal subgroup of some free...

This paper is devoted to classify all idempotent uninorms defined on the finite scale Ln = {0, 1, . . . , n}, called discrete idempotent uninorms. It is proved that any discrete idempotent uninorm with neutral element e ∈ Ln is uniquely determined by a decreasing function g : [0, e]→ [e, n] and vice versa. Based on this correspondence, the number of all possible discrete idempotent uninorms on ...