Five young normal subjects (NS) and six middle-aged patients with chronic, lowoutput, congestive heart failure (HFP) were studied before and after 10 minutes of exposure to hypovolemia induced by negative pressure (30 mm Hg) applied to the lower body. ECG, respirometer, and catheters placed in the subclavian artery and superior vena cava permitted measurements of heart rate (HR), respiration ra...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Conventional parameters used to guide fluid therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are poorly related to blood volume. In a prospective controlled study we assessed whether fluid management guided by daily measurements of blood volume (BV) reduces the incidence of severe hypovolemia compared to conventional fluid balance guided fluid therapy. METHODS We ...

We have proposed that the reflex increase in arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion in response to hypovolemia is due to arterial baroreceptor unloading. If arterial pressure is the key to the mechanism, the slope relating plasma AVP to arterial pressure should be the same in response to hemorrhage, a model of true hypovolemia, and in response to thoracic inferior vena caval constriction (IVCC), ...

INTRODUCTION Fluid responsiveness prediction is difficult in spontaneously breathing patients. Because the swings in intrathoracic pressure are minor during spontaneous breathing, dynamic parameters like pulse pressure variation (PPV) and systolic pressure variation (SPV) are usually small. We hypothesized that during spontaneous breathing, inspiratory and/or expiratory resistors could induce h...

Gut is very sensitive to hypoperfusion and hypoxia, and deranged gastrointestinal barrier is implicated in systemic failure of various organs. We recently demonstrated that diphenyldihaloketone EF24 [3,5-bis(2-fluorobenzylidene)piperidin-4-one] improves survival in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. In this study, we tested EF24 and its other analog CLEFMA (4-[3,5-bis(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-...

Orally administered hypertonic contrast media draw fluid into the intestines, which, if severe enough, could result in hypovolemia. Likewise, in infants and young children, the occurrence of diarrhea may result in hypovolemia. Plasma fluid loss may be sufficient to cause a shock-like state, which, if untreated, could be dangerous. This is especially pertinent to the elderly, cachectic patients ...

Monitoring hypovolemia is an everyday challenge in critical care, with no consensus on the best indicator or what is the clinically relevant level of hypovolemia. The aim of this experiment was to determine how central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference (CO2 gap) reflect hypovolemia-caused changes in the balance of oxygen delivery and consu...

BACKGROUND Changes in cardiac power parameters incorporate changes in both aortic flow and blood pressure. We hypothesized that dynamic and non-dynamic cardiac power parameters would track hypovolemia better than equivalent flow- and pressure parameters, both during spontaneous breathing and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). METHODS Fourteen healthy volunteers underwent lower...

OBJECTIVE To describe an experimental, unprecedented model that mimics the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). METHODS twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups. To simulate ACS intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) was induced by inserting cotton surgical dressing (Zobec ®), 15x15cm (intra-abdominal pressure constant and equal to 12 mmHg) associated with hypovolemia induced by withdr...