OBJECTIVE Evolutionary perspectives on bipolar disorders can further our understanding of the origins of these conditions, and assist clinicians in distinguishing normal from abnormal states. Hypomania is unique amongst bipolar conditions in that it seems to have beneficial aspects and can be difficult to diagnose, in contrast to full-blown mania and depression. A theoretical perspective regard...

Dear Editor, Kraeplin (1921) described a wide spectrum of cases of mania and hypomania ranging from euphoric episodes up to predominantly dysphoric or mixed presentations with symptoms of depression. 1 However, in the middle of the 20 th century, influential psychoanalytical writings focused on the euphoric cases of these episodes. Post-hoc interpretations of Kraepelin's ideas led to the adopti...

BACKGROUND We investigated whether adolescents with hypomania spectrum episodes have an excess risk of mental and physical morbidity in adulthood, as compared with adolescents exclusively reporting major depressive disorder (MDD) and controls without a history of adolescent mood disorders. METHODS A community sample of adolescents (N = 2 300) in the town of Uppsala, Sweden, was screened for d...

Objectives This is a protocol for Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of electroconvulsive therapy an acute affective episode (hypomania, mania, mixed state or depression) in children, adolescents, adults older people with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND According to DSM-IV and ICD-10, hypomania which occurs solely during antidepressant treatment does not belong to the category of bipolar II (BP-II). METHODS As part of the EPIDEP National Multisite French Study of 493 consecutive DSM-IV major depressive patients evaluated in at least two semi-structured interviews 1 month apart, 144 (29.2%) fulfilled the criteria for bipolar II wit...

BACKGROUND Data from the Iranian population for hypomania core symptom clusters are lacking. The aim of the present study was therefore to apply the Farsi version of the Hypomania-Check-List 32 (HCL-32), and to explore its factorial structure. METHODS A total of 163 Iranian out-patients took part in the study; 61 suffered from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and 102 suffered from Bipolar Dis...

Creativity is predominantly measured in scientific research with divergent thinking tasks that assess the potential for creative ideation. The current study aimed to further foster a distinction between divergent thinking and a second measure of creativity, creative achievement (the production of tangible or visible pieces), by examining whether these 2 measures are differentially related to at...