Woodchucks were used to study the antiviral activity and toxicity of fialuridine (FIAU; 1,-2'deoxy-2'fluoro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-iodo-uracil). In an initial experiment, groups of six chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) carrier woodchucks received daily doses of FIAU by intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks. At 0.3 mg/kg/d, the antiviral effect was equivocal, but at 1.5 mg/kg/d, FIAU ...

Nanotherapeutics utilize the properties of nanomaterials to alter pharmacology drugs and therapies being transported, leading changes in their biological disposition (absorption, distribution, cellular uptake, metabolism elimination) ultimately, pharmacological effect. This provides an opportunity optimize drugs, particularly for those that are dependent on hepatic action. Old age is associated...

Background: Pesticides are used frequently and may have various adverse effects on human health in different ways. Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic type II pyrethroid pesticide that has been used extensively to control a wide variety of pests in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and public health. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent hematological, hepatic and gona...

The utilisation of nanoparticles as the means of targeted delivery of therapeutics and/or imaging agents could greatly enhance the specific transport of biologically active payloads to target tissues while avoiding or reducing undesired side-effects. To allow for this to become a reality, the question of potential toxicological effects needs to be addressed. In the present investigation, a cati...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hepatic toxicity directly related to the drugs administered in cyclic chemotherapy (CT), although sometimes serious, does not limit the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Nevertheless, reports of reactivation of viral hepatitis in NHL patients with B virus (HBV) infection are becoming more frequent. The recent observation of two cases of severe liver toxicity di...

The in vivo hepatoprotective activity of Homalomena aromatica was evaluated carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury model Swiss albino mice. Effects the methanolic rhizome extracts (HAME) at a dose 200 mg/kg body weight and 500 tested for its efficacy on CCl4 (1ml/kg weight) induced liver injury. Hepatic toxicity enzyme markers histological parameters were studied. Daily oral administration...

BACKGROUND One of the many challenges which come together with the implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in settings with limited resources is the monitoring of toxicity. This monitoring increases costs of ART and strains resources. We therefore investigated the necessity for laboratory toxicity monitoring of ART in Thailand. DESIGN, METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective Thai cohort ...

As a result of growing applications of manufactured nanoparticles, there is an increasing concern aboutpossible side effects of exposure to these materials on human and environment. Nanosilver (n-Ag) has foundwide use in medical applications including development of silver-based dressings and silver-coated medicaldevices. However, toxicity of these particles clue to their dermal use has not bee...

Acetaminophen (APAP) known as paracetamol is the main ingredient in Tylenol, which has analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Inappropriate use of APAP causes major morbidity and mortality secondary to hepatic failure. Overdose of APAP depletes the hepatic glutathione (GSH) rapidly, and the metabolic intermediate leads to hepatocellular death. This article reviews the mechanisms of hepatotoxici...

Methotrexate (MTX) is the most commonly used diseasemodifying drug (DMARD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [1]. It is a main anchor drug in many combination regimes with conventional DMARDs and biological agents. It has the longest drugsurvival time and a good benefit/toxicity ratio [2, 3]. However, toxicity is a major reason for MTX withdrawal in RA [3]. Pneumonitis is the reason for withdrawal o...