AIM To study whether the glucocorticoid receptor (GR/NR3C1) gene haplotypes influence the steroid therapy outcome in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS We sequenced all coding exons and flanking intronic sequences of the NR3C1 gene in 181 IBD patients, determined the single nucleotide polymorphisms, and predicted the NR3C1 haplotypes. Furthermore, we investigated whether certain NR3C1 ...

Hydrozoans are widely known for their complex life cycles. The cycle usually includes an asexual benthic polyp, which produces a sexual zooid (gonophore). Here, we performed extensive analysis of 183 specimens the hydrozoan genus Sarsia from White Sea and identified four types gonophores. We also compared type gonophore with haplotypes molecular markers COI ITS. Analysis sequences recovered tha...

While both innate and adaptive immune system mechanisms have been implicated in resistance against the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) , studies on role of specific MHC haplotypes Bd infection are rare. Here, we studied variation Class IIB loci common toad Bufo bufo along a latitudinal gradient across Sweden. In general, Swedish populations had few diversity declined from sou...

In comparison to genotypes, knowledge about haplotypes (the combination of alleles present on a single chromosome) is much more useful for whole-genome association studies and for making inferences about human evolutionary history. Haplotypes are typically inferred from population genotype data using computational methods. Whole-genome sequence data represent a promising resource for constructi...

A candidate-gene high density SNP scanning approach was used to investigate the swine LUMAN/CREB3 locus for polymorphisms in 232 Ontario Yorkshire and 29 Chinese Meishan pigs. Inter- intra-breed differences genetic diversity were characterized. In breed, eight variations (three coding five non-coding) identified. Two LD blocks (550bp ~4kb length) featuring two three haplotypes, respectively, re...

Polymorphism in the human T cell receptor beta chain (TCRB) gene complex includes haplotypes with different numbers of TCRBV genes. An insertion/deletion related polymorphism (IDRP) in the human TCRBV region was found to involve TCRBV gene segments. Inserted TCRB haplotypes contain an additional 21.5 kb in which three TCRBV genes are encoded, members of the TCRBV7, TCRBV9, and TCRBV13 families....

Determining the underlying haplotypes of individual human genomes is an essential, but currently difficult, step toward a complete understanding of genome function. Fosmid pool-based next-generation sequencing allows genome-wide generation of 40-kb haploid DNA segments, which can be phased into contiguous molecular haplotypes computationally by Single Individual Haplotyping (SIH). Many SIH algo...

lactoferrin (lf) is a bioactive protein present in all external secretions such as milk that plays important role in the innate host defense. therefore, the lf has a major role in bovine mammary gland defense during mastitis. in this study, 5’-flanking region of bovine lf gene containing three single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) at positions −602 (t/g), −600 (a/g) and -586 (t/c) were screene...

mitochondria1 dna (mtdna) control region sequences were analyzed to evaluate the population genetic structure of persian sturgeon (acipenser persicus) in caspian sea. a total of 45 specimens were collected from the different locations of the caspian sea. mtdna control region was amplified using pcr. direct sequencing was performed according standard method. the results showed that 12 haplotypes...