objective(s) in the present study, the differences in the relaxant effects of aqueous, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of rosa damascena on tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pigs were examined. materials and methods the relaxant effects of three cumulative concentrations of each fraction (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g%) in comparison with saline and three cumulative concentrations of theophylline (0....

objectives: cow urine ark (cua), known as “amrita” as mentioned in ayurveda, contains‎ anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effects. therefore, we designed the present study to evaluate the lipid ‎lowering activity of cua and its possible implication in metabolic syndrome.‎ materials and methods: thirty guinea pigs of either sex were divided into five groups: group 1 and 2 serving as a vehicle ‎a...

foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a severely contagious viral disease that mainly affects cloven-hoofedlivestock and wildlife. this study quantifies the cytokines mrna expression of vaccinated guinea pigs withfmd type o inactivated vaccine. blood samples were collected from eight guinea pigs at 7 and 28 days after thefirst vaccination. extracted mrnas were reverse-transcribed into cdna and analyz...

objective: the use of drugs with herbal origin is increasing for treatment of gastrointestinal (gi) disorders. rosa damascena (r. damascena) is a well-known plant suggested to have beneficial effect on gi system. in this study, the effect of aqueous fraction of r. damascena on the contractionsofisolated guinea pig ileum was investigated. materials and methods: aqueous fraction of plant was obta...

our  previous  studies demonstrated  the  preventive effect  of  nigella  sativa  extract  on asthma and water-soluble substances of this extract, especially its methanol fraction were responsible for this relaxation on contracted tracheal chains of guinea pigs. for the first time, the present study has been conducted to determine the main constituents of its methanolic extract. four constituen...

Sodium valproate (SV), an antiepileptic drug has several mechanism of action. It inhibits voltage sensitive Na+ channels and reduces intracellular Na accumulation. These actions are similar to that of both phenytoin and carbamazepine. We have investigated the direct cardiac action of SV and its effects on ouabain-induced arrhythmia in isolated guinea-pig atria. The guinea-pig atrium was dissect...

Trichinellosis is an important zoonosis and the most common source of human infection is meat from pigs and wild boars. The European Union (EU) supports alternative pig production systems (organic and free-ranging) as sustainable farming systems. However, these systems that allow outdoor access for farm animals, may create new or reintroduce old risks to public health. During the last years, al...

Borrelia microtti and Borrelia persica are two Iranian strains of spirochetes whose vectors are Ornithodorous tholozani and Ornithodorous erraticus which are responsible for relapsing fever. BSK medium has been used for in vitro culture of other strains of borrelia, although the two mentioned strains could not be successfully cultured in it. We have modified BSK medium by using guinea pig ...

porcine necrotic ear syndrome (pnes) in pigs has been reported as an increasing health problem in many countries with intensive pig farming. the etiology of this disease is complex and the presumed triggering factors can be divided into infectious and non-infectious agents. the present report describes a case of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), infection associated with lesions of pnes at the ...

carum carvi (cc) is a grassy plant which is believed to have several therapeutic effects, including anti-asthmatic properties. we have therefore studied the bronchodilatory and anticholinergic effects of this plant. the bronchodilatory effects of the aqueous extract (ae), macerated extract (me), essential oil (eo), and 4µm theophylline (t) in comparison with saline (s) were examined by their re...