A genetic algorithm technique is developed for the optimal design of a supplemental lighting system for greenhouse crop production. The approach uses the evolutionary parallel search capabilities of genetic algorithms to design the pattern layout of the lamps (luminaires), their mounting heights and their wattages. The total number and the exact positions of luminaires are not predefined (even ...

The use of skylights in buildings introduces natural light into the interior space, thereby reducing reliance on artificial lighting and aligning with principles low carbon environmental sustainability. To ensure optimal indoor quality, it is essential to optimize arrangement strike a balance between high average illumination uniformity illumination. Recent initiatives by Chinese government hav...

one of the most important and elusive diseases of grapevine is esca disease. esca is a complex disease that comprises a combination of symptoms caused by various fungi including growth retardation, decrease in productivity and decline of the plant and usually affecting adult plants (8 to 10 years and older). the purpose of this research was to study the genetic variations of fungal agents assoc...

Metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) is a key technique for fabricating GaN thin film structures for light-emitting and semiconductor laser diodes. Film uniformity is an important index to measure equipment performance and chip processes. This paper introduces a method to improve the quality of thin films by optimizing the rotation speed of different substrates of a model consisting...

Pedigree. All individuals in a genetic population (such as a herd, family line, or breed) are related to some extent. One pedigree plan mates individuals more closely related than the average of the population; it is termed inbreeding. Long-term inbreeding in a closed herd may increase genetic uniformity, but inbreeding usually reduces performance, especially in fertility and survival. This is ...

Brassica chinensis varieties are mostly consumed as vegetables. In order to assess utility of microsatellite markers for testing distinctness, uniformity and stability of B. chinensis varieties, we used nine polymorphic microsatellite marker loci (with a total of 131 alleles) to evaluate four open pollinated and four hybrid varieties of B. chinensis. Each variety was represented by 48 randomly ...