the last two decades have seen a massive growth in the application of dna technology in histocompatibility and immunogenetics. this review summarises the history and application of dna methods in this area.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen involved in subclinical bovine mastitis, causing high economic losses for the dairy industry. The successful persistence of this host occurs due to a series factors associated with colonization ability and acquisition virulence factors. This bacterial species carries genetic heterogeneity, genetically diverse strains characterize population. Analys...

BACKGROUND The genetic diversity of Mycoplasma agalactiae (MA) isolates collected in Spain from goats in an area with contagious agalactia (CA) was assessed using a set of validated and new molecular typing methods. Validated methods included pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) typing, and Southern blot hybridization using a set of MA DNA probes, in...

conclusions as about 70% of methicillin-resistant isolates belonged to sccmec iii, the present study can conclude that, over an 8-year period, only one dominant and stable clone of mrsa strain was found in tabriz hospitals. this finding could be a result of incorrect medical orientations, inadequate infection controlling policies, and insufficient preventive approaches. objectives the current s...

Typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is important in infection control and surveillance. The current nomenclature of MRSA includes the genetic background of the S. aureus strain determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) or equivalent methods like spa typing and typing of the mobile genetic element staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), which carries the m...

background: a common human leukocyte antigen (hla) class ii allele, dqβ1*03:01, seems to be associated with bullous pemphigoid (bp) in caucasians whereas previous studies in other ethnic groups showed other hla class ii alleles as genetic predisposing factors for bp. objective: to investigate the association of hla class ii alleles and haplotypes with bp in iranian population. methods: fifty pa...

Brucellosis, a worldwide common bacterial zoonotic disease, has become quite rare in Northern and Western Europe. However, since 2014 a significant increase of imported infections caused by Brucella (B.) melitensis has been noticed in Germany. Patients predominantly originated from Middle East including Turkey and Syria. These circumstances afforded an opportunity to gain insights into the popu...

Human identification has made great strides over the past 2 decades due to the advent of DNA typing. Forensic DNA typing provides genetic data from a variety of materials and individuals, and is applied to many important issues that confront society. Part of the success of DNA typing is the generation of DNA databases to help identify missing persons and to develop investigative leads to assist...

Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease possess extensive genetic diversity. This has led to the development of a plethora of molecular typing methods for the identification of both the known major genetic lineages and for more fine scale characterization of different multilocus genotypes within these major lineages. Whole genome sequencing applied to large sample sizes is n...