Introduction The in situ method is used widely to determine ruminal degradability of feed CP and DM. It is an attractive alternative to in vivo methods because it is simple, inexpensive, and rapid. However, several factors influence in situ results, the most important of which is microbial contamination of feed residues after incubation in the rumen. Degradation of forage CP and DM is systemati...

In a recent paper White et al.’ reported that the thrombogenic properties of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC) are due to the presence of factors IXa and Xa. The presence of these activated factors, however, was detected indirectly by applying different inhibitors, e.g., a specific seryl reagent, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). They concluded that the effect of PMSF is due to the ina...

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the management effect of feeding triticale on the performance of crossbred feedlot cattle. Steers were weighed at fortnightly intervals until 83 days. Steers were weighed at 0700hr and fed upon (7 animals/treatment) at weighing on d 0, 20, 40, and 83 of the trial. Measurements were made of daily feed intake, average daily gain, body weight gain and fee...

Rationale, mechanism of action A close relationship exists between the excretion of N and P by dairy cattle and the amounts consumed with feed. Hence, there are good options to reduce P excretion by nutritional measures. In many regions, grass delivers the main fraction of dietary P, whereas soil P status strongly determines P content of grass. This means that changes in whole farm management w...

This article reviews the current state-of-theart for algae use in aquaculture, plus recent developments in algal biomass as a microor bulk ingredient in formulated animal feeds (terrestrial livestock and aquaculture species). Microalgae provide an important direct or indirect feed source for early developmental stages of many farmed finfish, shellfish and invertebrate species. Hatcheries typica...

nutritive value of rumen epithelial scraping (rep) was assessed using in sacco and in vivo procedures. concentrates were so formulated that 0% (a), 35% (b), 70% (c), and 100% (d) of soybean meal (sbm), were replaced (weight for weight) with rep. in a completely randomized design, 16 west african dwarf (wad) goats were randomly allocated to the experimental diets to assess feed intake and digest...

This experimental study concentrates on the understanding of machining process in turning of 11sMn30 using carbide tip insert under dry condition.11SMn30 is an alloy of magnesium and zinc which is mainly used in the free cutting steel for bulk applications for joining elements in mechanical engineering and automotive components. The experimentation was carried out using three variables namely c...

Liquid feed supplements (LFS) have a long history of use in dairy cattle feeding. Initially, LFS were used in lick tanks as a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and energy for dry cows and replacement heifers. More recently, with the increased popularity of feeding total mixed rations (TMR), LFS have been marketed with the following claims: • safe and uniform delivery vehicle for micro-nutrie...