Morphological, structural and developmental features of fruits and seeds of Mammea americana L. are here studied, with the purpose to give a proper classification of their fruit and embryo type and to contribute to future taxonomical and ecological studies. The fruit is a berry and the "rind" consists of the exocarp, represented by a periderm with lenticels, and by the parenchymatic mesocarp, w...

Fifty coconut palms exhibiting early symptoms of lethal yellowing were selected for treatment with oxytetracycline-HCl, tetracyclineHC1, streptomycin nitrate, potassium penicillin-G, or griseofulyin. Two grams of antibiotic in 0.2 or 1.0 liters of water were pressure injected into the trunk of each tree except for the griseofulvin treatments which were applied as a paste into holes bored in the...

Endocarp lignifi cation is important fruit growth phenophase since aft er its completion fruit starts with oil accumulation. Th e information about duration of endocarp lignifi cation is important for timing of management practices, irrigation and pest control in oil cultivars, and fruit thinning in table cultivars to obtain uniform fruit weight and size. In this study, fruit length, width and ...

Post-dispersal seed agents of mortality include pathogens, invertebrates, and vertebrates, which may shape tropical tree populations and communities. In this study I experimentally evaluated Dipteryx alata endocarp removal both in the interior and edge of Cerrado vegetation. Specifically, I simulated primary dispersion of endocarps by bats and evaluated secondary removal intensity according to ...

Plant autophagy, one of the essential proteolysis systems, balances proteome and nutrient levels in cells of the whole plant. Autophagy has been studied by analysing Arabidopsis thaliana autophagy-defective atg mutants, but the relationship between autophagy and chlorophyll (Chl) breakdown during stress-induced leaf yellowing remains unclear. During natural senescence or under abiotic-stress co...

To identify the pathogens responsible for leaf yellowing symptoms on wheat samples collected from Jinan, China, we tested for the presence of three known barley/wheat yellow dwarf viruses (BYDV-GAV, -PAV, WYDV-GPV) (most likely pathogens) using RT-PCR. A sample that tested negative for the three viruses was selected for small RNA sequencing. Twenty-five million sequences were generated, among w...

Lignin is the main component of walnut endocarp, however, we know little about transcriptional responses and its potential regulatory mechanisms lignin formation in endocarp. Here selected two genotypes with different endocarp thickness, ‘Liaoning 7’ (L7) ‘Zanmei’ (ZM; thicker than L7), to study response mechanism that caused difference this character between them. The time regularity depositio...

the hydro-distilled volatile oils, obtained from dried e ndocarp and hulls of persian bay laurel ( laurus nobilis var. angustifolia ) from laueaceae family were analyzed by gc/ms. thirteen and twelve compounds consisting 81.6% and 89.1% of the total components were identified of the oils obtained with a yield of 3% and 1.2% (w/w) respectively. differences of some compounds between endocarp and ...

S-Carboxymethyl-lysozyme and S-carboxymethyl-ribonuclease A were irradiated with light of wavelength greater than 300nm. Photo-oxidative loss of tryptophan from the S-carboxymethyl-lysozyme was accompanied by yellowing of the protein and the formation of covalently cross-linked polymers. S-Carboxymethyl-ribonuclease, which contains no tryptophan, showed little yellowing and no polymer formation...