Article history: Received 4 February 2011 Received in revised form 1 June 2011 Accepted 2 June 2011 Electron avalanches are the main constituent of electrical discharges in the atmosphere. However, the electromagnetic radiation field generated by a single electron avalanche growing in different field configurations has not yet been evaluated in the literature. In this paper, the electromagnetic...

We report the controlled synthesis of axial modulation-doped p-type/intrinsic/n-type (p-i-n) silicon nanowires with uniform diameters and single-crystal structures. The p-i-n nanowires were grown in three sequential steps: in the presence of diborane for the p-type region, in the absence of chemical dopant sources for the middle segment, and in the presence of phosphine for the n-type region. T...

one of the natural hazards in mountainous areas, which always cause great losses of life and financial damages, is the avalanche fall. since, survey the avalanche-prone areas for prevention the probable damages is considerably important, especially when the avalanche paths affect the residential areas or roads. in this research, based on local information, one of the avalanche paths in the chah...