There is a need for new interventions against the ongoing burden of vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. One suggestion has been to develop genes encoding effector molecules that block parasite development within the vector, and then use the nuclease-based homing reaction as a form of gene drive to spread those genes through target populations. If the effector gene reduces the fitn...

The differentiation of effector CD8(+) T cells is critical for the development of protective responses to pathogens and for effective vaccines. In the first few hours after activation, naive CD8(+) T cells initiate a transcriptional program that leads to the formation of effector and memory T cells, but the regulation of this process is poorly understood. Investigating the role of specific tran...

Phytophthora species secrete a large array of effectors during infection of their host plants. The Crinkler (CRN) gene family encodes a ubiquitous but understudied class of effectors with possible but as of yet unknown roles in infection. To appreciate CRN effector function in Phytophthora, we devised a simple Crn gene identification and annotation pipeline to improve effector prediction rates....

Immunity to infections relies on clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells, their maintenance as effector CTLs, and their selection into a memory population. These processes rely on delivery of survival signals to activated CD8+ T cells. We here reveal the mechanism by which costimulatory CD27-CD70 interactions sustain survival of CD8+ effector T cells in infected tissue. By unbiased genome-wide gene ex...

leukemia is a hematological tumor in which the malignant myeloid or lymphoid subsets play a pivotal role. newly identified t helper cell 22 (th22) is a subset of cd4(+) t cells with distinguished gene expression, function and specific properties apart from other known cd4(+) t cell subsets.th22 cells are characterized by production of a distinct profile of effector cytokines, including interleu...

newly  identified  t  helper  cell  22  (th22)  is  a  subset  of  cd4+t  cells  with  specific properties apart from other known cd4+ t cell subsets with distinguished gene expression and function. th22 cells are characterized by production of a distinct profile of effector cytokines, including interleukin (il)-22, il-13, and tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α). the levels of th22 and related cyto...

background : nonmyeloablative chemotherapy followed by adoptive immunotherapy is an attractive strategy for depleting regulatory t cells in the host. however, its efficacy is transient. here, we aim to investigate whether cyclic chemoim- munotherapy has therapeutic efficacy against cancer. methods :we examined the efficacy of cyclic chemoimmunotherapy with cyclophos- phamide and adoptively tran...