in this article naser al-din shah’s accounts of travels to europe (safar-nameh) have bee examined and criticised in a discourse analysis approach. by using this approach, attention has been paid to linguistic factors, co-text and context of the situation (social, cultural, political and historical), and institutional position, as well as the writer's attitude which has been effective in informi...

this study is a description about the development of ceremonies and rituals and also the formation of religious system and the type of its opposition with the political system, after the official declaration of asna ashari (twelve imams) shiism in the safavid dynasty. the author believes that at least four development periods can be considered in iranian rituals in the safavid era. the first pe...

Era informaţiei cuprinde, în general, trei mari perioade [1]: societatea informaţională, societatea cunoaşterii şi societatea conştiinţei. În istoria României pot fi desprinse câteva etape ale erei informaţiei: O etapă premergătoare, între anii 1940-1965, în care Tudor Tănăsescu a creat şcoala româ-nească de electronică [2], Victor Toma a creat primul calculator electronic românesc cu tuburi el...

Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is an indispensable molecular biology tool in the post-genome era. QPCR assays have become a robust and ideal tool for several applications such as clinical diagnostics, gene expression studies, biomarker discovery, and more. Using an intact genomic DNA (gDNA) template is crucial for generating meaningful qPCR data. Therefore, assessment of the gDNA integrity i...

in public ceremonies, some of the deepest collective memories of the city are being shaped. in safavid era, feasts and funerals; which were either celebration of iranian old traditions or shiite rituals, provided some of the most memorable scenes in public life of the city. this has been mentioned frequently in itineraries and travelogues - both iranians and foreigners. these ceremonies gradual...

From its first introduction in this same conference, the original prototype of the Semantic Bookmarking tool Semantic Turkey has undergone a deep and extensive revision process, breaking the boundaries of its original intents and going more and more towards an extensible platform for Knowledge Management and Acquisition based on Semantic Web technologies. Following its recent official release, ...

Smallpox, which currently is only of historical interest, was once one of the most terrible illnesses with high mortality and morbidity. In the late 18th century, the English physician and naturalist, Edward Jenner (1749 - 1823), discovered an efficient preventive technique against smallpox which he termed "vaccination". Afterwards, the practice of vaccination gradually became widespread when f...