In 1946, Vedernikov developed a stability criterion for uniform flow in open channels. A global parameter proposed by Vedernikov has been widely accepted as a measure of flow stability. Recognizing the significance of the role of the parameter playing in the stability of open-channel flows, hydraulicians have thenceforth called it the Vedernikov number. Alternatively, the Vedernikov number may ...

Hyperpycnal (negatively-buoyant) river inflow into lakes and oceans often develops three-dimensional (3D) plunging flow patterns when laterally unconfined. To determine the 3D pattern characteristics, laboratory experiments of unconfined on a sloping bed were carried out using salinity to control density difference. The complemented by numerical modeling based high-resolution Computational Flui...

Abstract Spur dikes are river training structures that have been extensively used worldwide for towards enhancing flood control and the stability of embankments riverbanks. However, scour around spur can be a major problem affecting their hydraulic performance. The precise computation temporal depth at is very important design economical safe dikes. This study focuses on experimentally assessin...

Laboratory experiments of dilute mixtures of warm talc powder in air simulate dilute pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) and show the effects of topography on current runout, buoyancy reversal, and liftoff into buoyant plumes. The densimetric and thermal Richardson, Froude, Stokes, and settling numbers for our experiments match those of natural PDCs. The laboratory currents are fully turbulent,...

The water cushion depth of stilling basin with shallow-water cushion is a key factor that 13 affects the flow regime of hydraulic jump in the basin. However, the specific depth at which the 14 water cushion is considered as “shallow” has not be stated clearly for now, and only conceptual 15 description is provided. This paper attempts to specify the best water cushion depth based on the 16 flow...

Local scour around a cylindrical pier in a channel with an erodible bed or natural bed is a common problems in bridge or pile supported structure. The highly unsteady complex flow field around a circular pier produces scour hole mainly for the presence of vortices. The main mechanism that drives the formation and evolution of the scour hole around bridge pier is horse shoe vortex motion. In the...

Throughout the lifespan of a bridge, morphological changes in riverbed affect variable action-imposed loads on structure. This emphasizes need for accurate and reliable data that can be used model-based projections targeted identification risk associated with bridge failure induced by scour. The aim this paper is to provide an analysis scour depth estimation large sand-bed rivers under clear wa...