OBJECTIVES Antibiotic use in French hospitals is among the highest in Europe. A study was carried out to describe antibiotic consumption for inpatients at hospital and at ward levels. METHODS Data were voluntarily collected retrospectively by 530 hospitals accounting for approximately 40 million patient-days (PD) on the following: antibacterials for systemic use [J01 class of the WHO Anatomic...

AIMS Selective atrial pacing algorithms have been developed for prevention of atrial tachycardia/atrial fibrillation (AT/AF). Although short-term studies have shown modest to minimal incremental benefit of these algorithms compared with conventional dual-chamber (DDD/R) pacing for prevention of AT/AF, the long-term effects of these algorithms are unknown. Accordingly, we compared atrial antitac...

background: drug utilization studies are helpful in understanding the current practice. we have conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the relevant use of a group of most commonly prescribed antibiotics in a teaching hospital in iran.  the results of this study may be of help for clinicians to improve the patient care. methods: patients who received parenteral ceftazidim, vancomycin and am...

To analyze overall drug consumption, compare antibiotic utilization in particular, and evaluate whether sound principles of surgical prophylaxis are applied at urology clinics of two university hospitals. The study was carried out at the urology clinics of the Department of Surgery, University Clinical Center in Niš, and the Institute of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital in Novi Sad, Serbia...

The persistent organic pollutant DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane) is still indispensable in the fight against malaria, although DDT and related compounds pose toxicological hazards. Technical DDT contains the dichloro congener DDD (1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene) as by-product, but DDD is also formed by reductive degradation of DDT in the environment...

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’ by DDD pacing. Third, despite the fact that the patients were mainly in New York Heart Association functional class IV before DDD pacing, in both types of cardiomyopathy a considerable increase in exercise capability is achieved.h’ Moreover, in both conditions the beneficial effects of chronic DDD pacing continue to be evident when pacing is abruptly stopped.’" Duri...

PURPOSE The optimal pacing mode with either single chamber atrial pacemaker (AAI or AAIR) or dual chamber pacemaker (DDD or DDDR) is still not clear in sinus-node dysfunction (SND) and intact atrioventricular (AV) conduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who were implanted with permanent pacemaker using AAI(R) (n = 73) or DDD(R) (n = 113) were compared. RESULTS The baseline characteristic...

OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the hemodynamic effects of right-atrial-paced (DDD) and right-atrial-sensed (VDD) biventricular paced rhythm on cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves hemodynamics in patients with severe heart failure and left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. However, the impact of active right atrial pacing on resynchroniza...

The organochlorine o,p'- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (o,p'-DDD) is a metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), known for its adrenolytic actions in birds and mammals. The effects of o,p'-DDD on the cortisol stress response were investigated in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in a dose-response study in vivo. A dose-dependent decrease in plasma cortisol levels was observed on d...

Decision diagrams are structures used in several domains where memory usage is critical. Data Decision Diagrams (DDD) are a kind of decision diagrams used in model-checking for example. However, they bring a solution to the memory problem that is not always sufficient. To overcome memory limit, a solution is to distribute memory. Some implementations exist for BDD (Binary Decision Diagrams), bu...