As high-density monitoring networks observing pollutant concentrations are costly to establish and maintain, researchers often employ various models to estimate concentrations of air pollutants. The AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD) is a fairly recent and promising model for estimating concentrations of air pollutants, but the effectiveness of this model at different time scales remains to be v...

In regional studies, reanalysis datasets can extend precipitation time series with insufficient observations. the present study, ERA5 dataset was compared to observational from meteorological stations in nine different zones of Iran (0.125° × 0.125° grid box) for period 2000–2018, and measurement criteria skill detection were applied analyze datasets. The results daily analysis revealed that co...

Many of the continuous watershed models perform all their computations on a daily time step, yet they are often calibrated at an annual or monthly time-scale that may not guarantee good simulation performance on a daily time step. The major objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the calibration time-scale on model predictive ability. This study considered the Soil and Water Assess...

In Indonesia, rainfall is still significant spatially and temporally. order to gain optimal results from utilising water resources, we have ensure that the precipitation data provided in good quality quantity. Several spatial measurement sources become available recent years, such as GPM (Global Precipitation Measure). this study, IMERG V.06 product was evaluated using rain gauge measurements L...

Streamflow disaggregation is used to preserve statistical attributes of time series across multiple sites and timescales. Several algorithms for spatial disaggregation and for disaggregation of annual to monthly flows are available. However, the disaggregation of monthly to daily or weekly to daily flows remains a challenge. A new algorithm is presented for simultaneously disaggregating monthly...

We assess the random and systematic uncertainties affecting the central England temperature (CET) record since 1878 on daily, monthly and annual time scales. The largest contribution to uncertainty in CET on all these time scales arises from areal sampling, followed for annual and monthly CET by thermometer calibration. For the daily series, random thermometer precision and screen errors are th...