A thin film lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), power generating device is developed. It is designed to resonate at specific vibrational frequencies from an ambient, vibrational energy source, thereby creating electrical energy via the piezoelectric effect. The energy harvesting device uses the piezoelectric d33 mode and is fabricated with three mask steps. Our cantilever device was desi...

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) directional microphones have been identified as having use in multi-projected virtual reality applications such meetings for projecting cameras. In these applications, the acoustic sensitivity plays a vital role it biases sensing, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and self-noise. The is multiplied outcome of mechanical electrical sensitivity. As dimensions are lim...

We reconsider the CES production functions, focusing on their additive separability properties and the constraints these impose on dual elasticites of gross substitution and complementarity. In particular, we offer some alternative characterizations of the (standard) homogeneous cases that seem to have gone unnoticed, as far as we know. We also start exploring the cases of the (additively separ...

An amount of 3.0 mol% NaNbO3 seeds was used to align the grains 0.96(Na0.5K0.5)(Nb0.93Sb0.07)O3-(0.04−x)SrZrO3-x(Bi0.5Ag0.5)ZrO3 [NKNS-(0.04−x)SZ-xBAZ] thick films (0.0 ≤ x 0.04) along [001] direction. All textured had large Lotgering factors (>95%). The NKNS-0.02SZ-0.02BAZ film has a rhombohedral-orthorhombic-tetragonal (R-O-T) structure with proportion R-O (>80%) and nanodomains (0.7 nm...

This paper argues that income inequality has increased in several, but not all, developed countries over the last twenty years. The increase in some countries supports the conclusion that the deregulation of markets, resulting in the concentration of economic power, is the fundamental cause as well as the gross manifestation of inequality of both income and wealth. JEL classifi cation: D30 (Gen...

This paper describes the piezoelectric properties of LiM-doped (M = V, Nb, Ta, or Zr) aluminum nitride ((LiyM1-y)xAl1-xN) films with respect to composition ratio Li and M. Films (LiyM1-y)xAl1-xN were prepared by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering method characterized crystal structure, as well electrical such coefficient d33 resistivity ρ. The for M Nb x 0.13-0.20 y 0.41-0.49 showed |d33| 8...

Mn-doped PIN-PMN-PT ceramics were 90% [001]C textured by reactive templated grain growth (RTGG) with 5 vol% BaTiO3 microplatelets. Hardened properties such as high coercive field (EC) of 14 kV/cm, low dielectric loss (tan δ) 0.37-0.66%, and QM 496 obtained. Textured have TC 219 °C, a two times greater low-field d33* 846 pm/V than random ceramics. Rayleigh analysis shows that Mn-doping reduces t...

Due to the toxic of lead content ceramics, many free piezoelectric ceramics have received much attention. To obtain high properties for such poling conditions are often referred. In present work, effects electric field on Sm doped BCZT ceramic were investigated. The samples fabricated using a solid-state reaction technique. XRD analysis indicated that sample contained mixture phases rhombohedra...