We have proposed the False Tagging Theory (FTT) as a neurobiological model of belief and doubt processes. The theory posits that the prefrontal cortex is critical for normative doubt toward properly comprehended ideas or cognitions. Such doubt is important for advantageous decisions, for example in the financial and consumer purchasing realms. Here, using a neuropsychological approach, we put t...

This article argues that Patrick Leigh Fermor’s A Time of Gifts (1977) is characterised by a deep and unresolved tension between the deployment truth-telling rhetoric – textual appeals to readerly credulity customarily such as acknowledgements limits authorial memory inclusion excerpts from journals literal incredibility its detail. further complication introduced in text his youthful notionall...

E-fraud involves fraudulent online payments and e-commerce sites, soliciting personal data or cheating on virtual currency. In recent years, a new type of criminal e-transaction has been identified in Latvia - illegal access to bank accounts fraud, which tends Smart-ID users. Criminals are coming up with ways obtain money illegally. Often these crimes transnational nature, making it difficult f...

Fear that the Internet promotes harmful political rumoring is merited but not for reasons originally anticipated. Although the network accelerates and widens rumor circulation, on the whole, it does not increase recipient credulity. E-mail, however, which fosters informal political communication within existing social networks, poses a unique threat to factual political knowledge. A national te...

This paper constructs a new data set from art auctions that include auctioneer presale price estimates to examine the credulity of art investors. While auction houses typically made no price estimates before 1973, they start providing highand lowprice estimates for all artworks thereafter. Thus, we have a natural experiment to observe changes in price behavior under the influence of auctioneer ...

Our goal in this paper is to provide enough of an account of the origins of cognitive ethology and the controversy surrounding it to help ethicists to gauge for themselves how to balance skepticism and credulity about animal minds when communicating with scientists. We believe that ethicists’ arguments would benefit from better understanding of the historical roots of ongoing controversies. It ...