Congenital defects of the femur vary from simple hypoplasia of the bone to complete absence. Classification of these defects has been suggested by Nilsonne (1928) and by Mouchet and Ibos (1928), but neither has met with general acceptance. In more recent years Golding (1939, 1948) has demonstrated the close association of the short femur with congenital coxa vara, and has emphasized that these ...

Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly in which position of the heart and all abdominal viscera is reversed. Situs abnormalities usually go unnoticed but may be recognized by radiography or ultrasonography as an incidental finding or during evaluation for congenital heart diseases. We present such an extremely rare and to the best of our knowledge the third reported case of an inju...

Congenital coronary sinus anomalies are extremely rare, and they have received relatively little attention. This is probably due to the lack of both clinical symptoms and significant cardiac functional disturbance. We present two cases of a coronary sinus anomaly and briefly review the literature. Recognizing and being familiar with the variations of a congenital coronary sinus anomaly in conge...

INTRODUCTION Catheter ablation of arrhythmias can be challenging in patients with congenital heart disease (1). Besides the complexity of the arrhythmias seen in these patients, variations in the anatomy of the normal conduction system also contribute to that challenge. Arrhythmias following surgical repair of congenital heart defects are particularly more difficult to deal with (2). In this ar...

PURPOSE To assess the regional patterns of infant mortality due to lethal congenital anomalies, and the potential reasons for the regional patterns. METHOD The study analyzed 2,507 infant deaths due to lethal congenital anomalies among 1,178,452 live births in 9 of the 12 Canadian provinces and territories from 1990 to 1995 recorded in Statistics Canada's live birth and death data bases. RE...

Variations of biliary anatomy are well described. Those of most relevance to the operative surgeon are the variations of the extrahepatic ducts and their relationships to the right hepatic artery and its branches. We describe another even rarer congenital anomaly of a preduodenal portal vein. Its embryological derivation and presentation are discussed to heighten awareness of its recognition an...

BACKGROUND Documenting the prevalence and trends of congenital heart defects provides useful data for pediatric practice, health-care planning, and causal research. Yet, most population-based studies use data from the 1970s and 1980s. We sought to extend into more recent years the study of temporal and racial variations of heart defects occurrence in a well-defined population. METHODS We used...