The most current Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) contains the concept of Community Service Punishment, which is considered an effort to reform criminal law system. as a form punishment in this country, requires appropriate mechanism achieve sentencing goals, namely rehabilitation convicts through participation social activities that benefit society. This study aims analyze existence Punishment ...

INTRODUCTION Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity is related to childhood disruptive behavior disorders and to exposure to abuse and neglect. This study explores the relationship of diurnal salivary cortisol levels with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and caregiver attitudes toward physical punishment among boys in Mongolia. METHODS Salivary cortisol was collected in the hom...

Illustrations by the Dutch renaissance artists Pieter Bruegel the Elder and Jan Wierix both show a man imprisoned on a pillory, a former place of enforcement of judicial sentences, and playing a musical instrument. Taken as legal iconographic sources, these illustrations of the old saying 'He plays on the pillory' can be understood as references to a specific kind of punishment used in the Midd...

This article examines pedagogies of sport in youth detention, drawing on ethnography (primarily participatory observations and interviews) at two all-male detention homes Sweden. Focusing youths’ experiences situated discourse practice, three doing are described: withholding sport, busying with as developmental community. The young men this study experienced mixed messages through revealing how...

Conflicts of interest between the community and its members are at the core of human social dilemmas. If observed selfishness has future costs, individuals may hide selfish acts but display altruistic ones, and peers aim at identifying the most selfish persons to avoid them as future social partners. An interaction involving hiding and seeking information may be inevitable. We staged an experim...

Calls for „holistic‟ responses to halt the increasing imprisonment of women are continually reiterated. Solutions are sought which aim to be both „gender-responsive‟ and „community-based‟, however the absence of meaningful definitions of „community‟ and „holistic‟ means that superficial responses are often put in place in response to failures of the system. Taking as an example one attempt to i...

Previous studies suggest that distorted representations of reality on television can lead to distorted perceptions of reality among viewers. In this study, 322 individuals in Austria reported their weekly television consumption and whether they believe that there is active practice of capital punishment in Austria, which has been abolished since 1968. The more television participants watched, t...