abstract background: the aim of this study was to compare changes in pain, oxygenation, and ventilation following endotracheal suctioning with open and closed suctioning systems in post coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg) patients. materials and methods: 130 post cabg mechanically ventilated patients were randomly allocated to undergo either open (n = 75) or closed (n = 55) endotracheal suct...

We consider the generalization of quantum tunneling transitions in WKB approximation to time-independent functional Schr\"odinger and Wheeler-DeWitt equations. Following a Lorentzian approach, we compute transition rates among different scalar field vacua compare with those performed by Coleman collaborators using Euclidean approach. For gravity, develop general formalism for computing Wheeler'...

BACKGROUND The risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) after treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip is associated with the method of reduction. Some authors have suggested that open reduction is a risk factor for AVN; however, this is controversial. To our knowledge, a quantitative comparison of the incidence of AVN between closed and open reduction has not been conducted....

in this paper, we introduce λκ−closed sets and study its properties in generalized topological spaces.

the main goal of this paper is to introduce and study a new class of function via the notions of $e$-$theta$-open sets and $e$-$theta$-closure operator which are defined by özkoç and aslım cite{10} called weakly $er$-open functions and $e$-$theta$-open functions. moreover, we investigate not only some of their basic properties but also their relationships with other types of already existing to...

UNLABELLED Intracapsular hip fractures in young adults have a significant risk of complications. Consequently, some authors advocate urgent and/or open fracture reduction. Our aim was to analyse outcomes following such fractures with reference to influence of fracture displacement, timing of surgery and method of reduction (open/closed) on the incidence of non-union (NU) and avascular necrosis ...