Objective(s): Cholinergic neurons are important neurons in the Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT). In this study, nicotinic receptor of the PPT in central cardiovascular regulation in the anesthetized rat was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Saline, acetylcholine (Ach; doses: 90 and 150 nmol), hexamethonium (Hexa; doses: 100 and 300 nmol) and higher doses of Hexa (300 nmol) + Ach (150 nm...

Previous work suggests that neostriatal cholinergic interneurons control the activity of several classes of GABAergic interneurons through fast nicotinic receptor mediated synaptic inputs. Although indirect evidence has suggested the existence of several classes of interneurons controlled by this mechanism only one such cell type, the neuropeptide-Y expressing neurogliaform neuron, has been ide...

Dopamine (DA) plays a crucial role in the modulation of striatal function. Striatal cholinergic interneurons represent an important synaptic target of dopaminergic fibers arising from the substantia nigra and cortical glutamatergic inputs. By means of an electrophysiological approach from corticostriatal slices, we isolated three distinct synaptic inputs to cholinergic interneurons: glutamate-m...

Epinastine is an antihistamine drug with binding affinities at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors. The current study was performed to investigate whether epinastine could modulate the cholinergic contraction in guinea pig and human airways in vitro. Isolated guinea pig and human airway preparations were suspended in organ baths containing modified Krebs-Henseleit solution. Electrical field st...

Cholinergic control of the heart is exerted by two distinct branches; the autonomic component represented by the parasympathetic nervous system, and the recently described non-neuronal cardiomyocyte cholinergic machinery. Previous evidence has shown that reduced cholinergic function leads to deleterious effects on the myocardium. Yet, whether conditions of increased cholinergic signaling can of...

The cellular mechanisms underlying the exceptional vulnerability of the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons during pathological aging have remained elusive. Here we employed an adeno-associated viral vector-based RNA interference (AAV-RNAi) strategy to suppress the expression of tropomyosin-related kinase A (trkA) receptors by cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert/substanti...

Central cholinergic system is involved in regulation of memory and disturbances in these results in memory loss. Previously, we examined the effect of okadaic acid, OKA (200ng, i.c.v.) on memory impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in rats. In the present study, we investigated effect of OKA (i.c.v) on cholinergic function by observing acetylcholine level (ACh), acetylcholinestrase (AChE) a...

The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a promising animal model for the study of pain mechanisms, therefore a thorough characterization of this species is essential. The aim of the present study was to establish the naked mole-rat as a model for studying the cholinergic receptor system in antinociception by investigating the involvement of muscarinic, nicotinic and opioid receptors in no...

Background and Aims: The object of this study was the investigation central antinociceptive effects naringin as well association stimulation opioidergic, serotonergic, adrenergic, cholinergic (muscarinic nicotinic) receptors to analgesia mice due naringin. Methods: Several intraperitoneal doses (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) were injected into models analyzed via hot-plate (integrated supraspinal response)...

Cholinergic neuromodulation is known to play a key role in visual working memory (VWM) – keeping relevant stimulus representations available for cognitive processes short time periods (up few minutes). Despite the growing body of evidence on how neural and mechanisms VWM dynamically change over retention time, there mixed cholinergic effects as function delay period non-human primates. Using de...