Chloramination has been used in drinking water treatment since the early 1900s, but its use has been low compared to that of chlorine. In recent years, a large number of utilities have switched from chlorine to chloramine as a secondary disinfectant, primarily to comply with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Stage 1 and Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection ByProducts Rules (D/D...

Introduction: Many molecules can be labeled by iodine. Some of labeled substances are used for investigations of cancer treatment, biodistribution study in body, receptor binding, secrete pathway etc. Peptides are biomolecules and can be labeled by 131Iodine. ICD- 85 is a tri-peptide derived from Iranian brown snake venom and scorpion venom. This tri-peptide treats cancer by i...

Three new methods are described for the assay of lamivudine in bulk drug and in tablet dosage forms using chloramine-T and two dyes, methyl orange and indigo carmine, as reagents. In titrimetry, aqueous solution of lamivudine is treated with a measured excess of chloramine-T in sulphuric acid medium and after the oxidation of lamivudine is judged to be complete, the unreacted oxidant is determi...

Thiocyanate Ion, Chloramine-T Kinetics of oxidation of potassium thiocyanate by the oxidant chloramine-T (CAT) in presence of NaOH has been studied at 30 °C. At low substrate concentrations, the approximate rate law is, — d[CAT]/dt = k[CAT][KNCS]/[NaOH]2. At higher substrate concentrations, the rate law simplifies to, —d[CAT]/dt = k[CAT]/[NaOH]. Ionic strength and addition of p-toluene sulphona...

The kinetic properties of the closing of Na channels were studied in frog skeletal muscle to obtain information about the dependence of channel closing on the past history of the channel. Channel closing was studied in normal and modified channels. Chloramine-T was used to modify the channels so that inactivation was virtually removed. A series of depolarizing prepulse potentials was used to ac...

Bovine serum albumin is a model protein, which has been conventionally used as protein standard and in many areas of biochemistry, pharmacology and medicine. Radioiodination procedure for bovine serum albumin employing chloramine-T as an oxidant with slight modification was evaluated critically to establish the optimal conditions for the preparation of radiolabeled tracer ((125)I-BSA) with requ...

The known drawbacks of chloramination include nitrification, elastomer decay, and required pretreatment steps for fish culture and dialysis patients. To date, there has been no explicit consideration of adverse consequences of chloramination on property and water quality in buildings. Specifically, the effect of chloramine on re-growth of bacteria during stagnation, plumbing failures and lead l...