The Arnold-Chiari malfomation is typically associated with downbeat nystagmus. Eye movement recordings in two patients with Arnold-Chiari malfomation type 1 showed, in addition to downbeat and gaze evoked nystagmus, intermittent nystagmus of skew. To date this finding has not been reported in association with Arnold-Chiari malfomation. Nystagmus of skew should raise the suspicion of Arnold-Chia...

Thin, slender, filament like structure is common finding in right atrium echocardiographically. These structures generally represent embryological remnants like thebasian valve, eustachian valve and chiari network. Apart from these variants, they can also be initial finding of thrombotic process specially in the presence of central venous catheter. Early detection and removing the catheter can ...

Dermoid cysts are rare lesions, particularly in children. Chiari II malformations are seen in patients with myelomeningocele. Here, we present a child with Chiari II malformation who, during a Chiari II decompression, was found to have a dermoid cyst. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case ever reported.

Budd-Chiari syndrome can be defined as an interruption or diminution of the normal blood flow out of the liver. Patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome present with varying degrees of symptomatology that can be divided into the following categories: fulminant, acute, subacute and chronic. The subacute form is the most common presentation. A majority of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome have an unde...

Single case reports exist in the medical literature of patients with tonsillar ectopia, i.e., the Chiari I malformation and neurofibromatosis type 1. However, large series of patients with either of these entities have not been examined for the presence of both defects. We have retrospectively examined two large groups of pediatric patients: Group I, with the primary diagnosis of Chiari I malfo...