Propolis is a natural substance that honey bees collect from various plants such as poplar, palm, pine, conifer secretion, gum, resin, mucilage and leaf buds. gets its antioxidant antimicrobial properties phytochemical content. The health-promoting mechanism of propolis appears to be related anti-inflammatory activity. activity one the most well-known properties. Flavonoids in scavenge free rad...

The complexities of implementing antiretroviral treatment in the Western Cape Province of South Africa The following article is by Fareed Abdullah, the head of the AIDS programme in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. It offers a unique account of treatment roll-out from the perspective of a programme manager in government. Abdullah’s article illustrates that with sufficient will and ing...

In whole-cell and single-channel patch-clamp recordings from bovine adrenal fasciculata cells, it was discovered that selected caffeic acid derivatives dramatically enhanced the activity of background TREK-1 K+ channels. Cinnamyl 1-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate (CDC), activated TREK-1 when this agent was applied externally to cells or outside-out patches at concentrations of 5 to 10 microM...

The current distribution of biotic lineages that emerged in the deep time has both theoretical and practical implications, in particular for understanding the processes that have forged present-day biodiversity and informing local and regional-scale conservation efforts. To date however, there has been no examination of such patterns globally across taxa and geological time. Here we map the div...

North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) were found in an important nineteenth century whaling area east of southern Greenland, from which they were once thought to have been extirpated. In 2007-2008, a 1-year passive acoustic survey was conducted at five sites in and near the 'Cape Farewell Ground', the former whaling ground. Over 2000 right whale calls were recorded at these sites, p...

Using fine and coarse resolution geoarchaeological studies at the Middle Stone Age site of PP5-6 at Pinnacle Point, Mossel Bay, South Africa, we discovered different patterns of anthropogenic input and changes in behavior through time. Through the microfacies approach, we documented the various geogenic and anthropogenic processes that formed the deposits of the site. By deciphering large scale...