• Per AFNOR Certification guidelines, a preliminary study was conducted where the relative accuracy, linearity, detection and quantification limits, selectivity (inclusivity and exclusivity) and practicability of the Colilert-18/Quanti-Tray method were assessed using samples of distribution water and fountain water spiked with strains of both coliform bacteria and E. coli. All the assessed perf...

Abstract In this paper, we report new detections of SiO v = 1 and 2 J → 0 masers in the “water fountain” source IRAS 16552−3050, which was observed with Nobeyama 45 m telescope during 2021 March–April. Water fountains are evolved stars whose H O maser spectra trace high-velocity outflows >100 km s −1 . This is second known case a water fountain, after their prototypical source, W 43A. These ...

This article examines the design and social impact of waterways in Athens early 5thC BCE. While Athenian political landscape transitioned from a series tyrannies to democracy at end Archaic period (ca. 650-480 BCE), archaeological record also shows widespread innovation development public water systems, particularly sanitation supply. A movement away buildings constructed by tyrants facilitated...

The behaviour of a turbulent, axisymmetric, Boussinesq, vertical fountain that impinges on a horizontal plate a distance H from the fountain source is investigated. Images from Light Induced Fluorescence visualisation of the flow provide a clear picture of the internal structure of the impinging flow. The interaction between the impinging fountain and the plate results in a buoyant radial wall ...

An on-line fountain code is defined as a fountain code for which an optimal encoding strategy can be found efficiently given any instantaneous decoding state. This property is important for data distribution in practical networks. In this paper we formalize the problem of on-line fountain code construction, and propose new on-line fountain codes that outperform known ones in having factor 3-5 l...

This paper proposes a fountain coding system which has lower space decoding complexity and lower decoding erasure rate than the Raptor coding systems. The main idea of the proposed fountain code is employing shift and exclusive OR to generate the output packets. This technique is known as the zigzag decodable code, which is efficiently decoded by the zigzag decoder. In other words, we propose a...

When focused ultrasound waves of moderate intensity in liquid encounter an air interface, a chain of drops emerges from the liquid surface to form what is known as a drop-chain fountain. Atomization, or the emission of micro-droplets, occurs when the acoustic intensity exceeds a liquid-dependent threshold. While the cavitation-wave hypothesis, which states that atomization arises from a combina...

The Edwards Aquifer in south-central Texas, U.S.A. is recognized worldwide for its aquatic species of flora and fauna, many of which are endangered or threatened, and also is the sole water source supporting the industrial, agricultural, municipal, and recreational needs of nearly 2 million people. Because it is generally the first species affected by low spring flows, the endangered fountain d...

Decoding performance of Fountain codes for the binary erasure channel (BEC) depends on two aspects. One is the essential code structure, on which stopping set analysis operates. The other is the effect from the channel characteristic, which is difficult to give a precise estimation. To tackle these problems, in this paper, we propose a solution to analyzing the performance of Fountain codes bas...