Introduction: Premature infants are born prior to the development of cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular, and central nervous systems. A significant number of these infants experience oral feeding problems. In this study, we investigated the effects of empty breast and pacifier sucking on the growth of preterm infants in Children and Shariati Hospitals of Bandar Abbas. Methods: In this cli...

Background: Our previous predictive peptide binding studies indicated that a novel 20-mer multiple antigen peptide, CH401MAP, containing an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) monoclonal antibody epitope (N163-182), may potentially bind to more than 95% of class I human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and to 30-50% of class II HLAs expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM...

The hormone estrogen (E2) binds the estrogen receptor to promote transcription of E2-responsive genes in the breast and other tissues. E2 also has links to genomic instability, and elevated E2 levels are tied to breast cancer. Here, we show that E2 stimulation causes a rapid, global increase in the formation of R-loops, co-transcriptional RNA-DNA products, which in some instances have been link...

Resistance of breast carcinomas to hormonal therapy is a clinical obstacle for the treatment of breast cancer. The molecular mechanisms and the factors involved in the progression of tumors from an estrogen (E2)-dependent to an E2-independent phenotype are not entirely understood. Heregulin (HRG) is a pleiotropic growth factor that binds to the erbB family of receptors, which are correlated wit...

Background/Aim: Breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) gene is expressed in the cells of breast and other tissues, where it plays a role cell-cycle regulation, transcription, repair DNA double-stranded breaks, ubiquitination, transcriptional regulation as well functions, such cell response to mitogenic signals triggered by estrogens. Considering that meningioma shows greater tumor growth during p...

ObjectiveTo evaluate the evidence addressing association between use of ovarian stimulation drugs and risk breast cancer.DesignSystematic review meta-analysis.SettingNot applicable.Patient(s)Women without any previous history cancer undergoing stimulation.Intervention(s)Electronic databases were searched from 1990 until January 2020. All cohort studies reporting new incidences in infertile wome...

Anti-estrogen treatment, exemplified by tamoxifen, is a well-established adjuvant therapy for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer. However, the effectiveness of this drug is limited due to the development of resistance. The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is critical in embryonic development, and aberrant activation of this transduction cascade is linked to various malignancies...

Estrogens produced within breast tumors may play a pivotal role in growth stimulation of the breast cancer cells. However, it is elusive whether the epithelial breast cancer cells themselves synthesize estrogens, or whether the surrounding tumor stromal cells synthesize and supply the cancer cells with estrogen. The aromatase enzyme catalyzes the estrogen production, aromatizing circulating and...