To examine the mediation of host–predator interaction by a parasite, we studied the three-level interactions among a host plant, a root hemiparasitic plant, and their common predator, a generalist snail herbivore. The host species, Trifolium repens, is able to synthesize cyanogenic glucosides that have a significant role in plant herbivore resistance. Some T. repens populations are polymorphic ...

—Linnaeus described 37 species of flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae). His collection was studied, and the current status of all his flower fly names is given. Six new synonyms are established (Scaeva annulipes Zetterstedt = Eriozona erratica (Linnaeus), Musca citrofasciata DeGeer = Xanthogramma /estiva (Linnaeus), Xylota curvipes Loew = Chalcosyrphus femoratus (Linnaeus), Chrysogaster chalybeata...

Introduction: Unambiguous definition of mental disorders is difficult, mainly because the heterogeneity this group diseases and clarity line between pathology normal. The proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) widely accepted. In practice, definitions from legislation a country are also important. Aim work: purpose study to discuss basic issues diagnosis treatment disorders. Material metho...

Wprowadzenie i cel: Przedstawienie tematyki przeszczepu mikrobioty kałowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli pielęgniarki.
 Metody przeglądu: Przeprowadzono niestystematyczny przegląd piśmiennictwa dotyczącego mikroflory jelitowej w dostępnych bazach danych: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar, EBSCO, ARIANTA, pod względem następujących słów kluczowych: mikrobiota, przeszczep ...

Abstract The aim of the research was to study diversity hoverflies (Syrphidae: Diptera) living in areas under influence heavy metal emissions (Cd, Zn and Pb). Although area Olkusz Ore-bearing Region (OOR), where partially conducted, belongs contaminated regions, a relatively high species richness Syrphids has been noted. During period, total 1,180 syrphids, belonging 165 were caught, which cons...