The neural correlates of consciousness must be identified, but how? Anesthetics can be used as tools to dissect the nervous system. Anesthetics not only allow for the experimental investigation into the conscious-unconscious state transition, but they can also be titrated to subanesthetic doses in order to affect selected components of consciousness such as memory, attention, pain processing, o...

INTRODUCTION Corneal damage associated with abuse of topical anesthetics is a rare clinic entity. Topical anesthetic abuse is one of the causes of ring keratitis. Ring keratitis is easily overlooked because it can mimic acanthamoeba keratitis or other infectious keratitis. The outcome is often poor, leading to persistent epithelial defects, corneal scarring, and perforations. CASE PRESENTATIO...

In general, much greater doses of local anesthetics are required to produce cardiovascular (CV) toxicity than CNS toxicity. Similar to CNS toxicity, potency for CV toxicity reflects the anesthetic potency of the agent. Recent attention has focused on the apparently exceptional cardiotoxicity of the more potent, more lipid-soluble agents (bupivacaine, levo-bupivacaine, etidocaine, ropivacaine). ...

toxic reactions to local anesthetics may occur due to over dose, accidental intravenous injections or rapid systemic uptake of the drugs. but there have been few reports on toxicity due to displacement of epidural catheters after an initial correct insertion and performance of a test dose.  here we present a case of local anesthetics toxicity due to possible displacement of the epidural cathete...

Background: Lidocaine is a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agent. There are reports on accidental and intentional cases of poisoning following injection of lidocaine while rare are the fatal cases realized after oral ingestion of lidocaine. Suicidal poisoning with lidocaine pharmaceutical formulations is rare since no pharmaceutical dosage forms for oral use are available except gels and sp...

Perioperative care in MS patients poses challenges because of variable neurological involvement, concurrent long-term immunosuppression treatment, and risk of disease exacerbation. The effects of different anesthetics and anesthesia regimen in terms of rapid awakening with intact cognitive domain and protective immunomodulation have been studied.[3,4] We used propofol as induction agent that ha...

The primary mode of action of local anesthetics is through sodium channel and axonal conduction blockade. Local anesthetics have also extensive effects on pre-synaptic calcium channels that must function to stimulate the release of neurotransmitters. Thus, interference with calcium channel conductance may enhance spinal anesthesia with local anesthetics. The present study was designed to invest...

The primary mode of action of local anesthetics is through sodium channel and axonal conduction blockade. Local anesthetics have also extensive effects on pre-synaptic calcium channels that must function to stimulate the release of neurotransmitters. Thus, interference with calcium channel conductance may enhance spinal anesthesia with local anesthetics. The present study was designed to invest...