introduction: the role of serotonergic fibers in avoidance learning is controversial. involvement of the dorsal raphe nucleus (drn), the main source of hippocampal projecting serotonergic fibers in acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of passive avoidance (pa) learning, was investigated by functional suppression of this area. materials and methods: drn functional inactivation was done by li...

introduction: cigarette smoking affects nitric oxide production. the aim of this study was to determine associations between tobacco smoke and serum nitric oxide metabolites (nox) concentration. methods: serum nox concentration was measured by the griess method in 230 nonsmokers, 238 active, 196 passive and 29 waterpipe smokers. subjects were selected from participants of tehran lipid and gluco...

background: in high-intensity, mixed and pulsed neutron fields the use of spectrometers or area monitors with active detectors is useless in these conditions neutron measuring devices must have a passive detector. here a passive neutron area monitor with cr39 track detector was designed and the response was calculated. materials and methods: the response of a passive neutron area monitor with c...

This study aims at investigating the effects of cooperative language learning on learning active and passive structures among Iranian EFL students. The participants of the study were 60 high school students that were selected from third grade of Barikbin high school in Qazvin. All of the participants were male. Their level of proficiency was intermediate. Then the participants were divided into...

background: this study aimed to survey a total five common human and veterinary antibiotics, including ampicillin, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, tylosin, and ciprofloxacin based on spe-lc-ms-ms technology in a wastewater treatment plant at central plateau of iran. also two sampling techniques, passive and grab samplings were compared in the detection of selected antibiotics. methods: in februa...

in this paper, the electrochemical behaviour of passive films formed on aisi 321 stainless steel (aisi 321)immersed in 0.1 m naoh + 0.1 m koh solution was evaluated by different electrochemical techniques. forthis purpose, passive films were formed at open circuit potential for 1 to 12 hours and then electrochemicalmeasurements were done. the polarization curves suggested that aisi 321 showed e...

Aerosol measurements have been carried out at Kolhapur (16°42′N, 74°14′E) by using Twilight Photometer, which is indigenously designed and developed at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, a tropical station, Pune. The basic principle of this technique is if more number of aerosols exists in the atmosphere then more scattering takes place. Twilight observations have been carried out ma...

Perceived comfort level and ride stability are the two most important factors in the evaluation of suspension system in a mobile vehicle. It is extremely difficult to simultaneously maintain a high standard of vehicle ride, handling and body control in the vehicle by using conventional passive suspension system. However, the use of active suspensions would result in better comforts than the pas...

when the orbital altitude of a small satellite is near-earth, passive stabilization can be considered. the purpose of this paper is to combine the passive gravity gradient and aerodynamic stabilization methods together so that all the three axes stabilizations can be obtained. in this regard, the set of nonlinear equations of motion will be solved numerically with specified initial condition. t...

results no significant changes were observed in serum potassium, phosphorus and calcium levels at the end of the passive exercise program compared to the baseline. however, phosphorus levels were significantly decreased in the active exercise program (p < 0.05). moreover, the mean diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased after the passive exercise (p = 0.039). passive exercise did n...