Is firm behavior mainly driven by its environment or rather by the characteristics of its managers? We develop a cognitive theory of manager fixed effects, where the allocation of managerial attention determines firm behavior. We show that in complex environments, the endogenous allocation of attention exacerbates manager fixed effects. Small differences in managerial expertise then may result ...

This paper experimentally tests the impact of managerial incentives on competitive (market) outcomes. We use a Cournot duopoly game to show that when managers’ incentives are based on the firm’s absolute performance (profits), collusion can be sustained. However, when managers’ incentives are based on the firm’s relative performance (their profits relative to the other firm’s profits), this dri...

this study investigates empirically the value investors place in excess cash holdingand how managerial ability impact on the value of cash holding for iranianfirms from 2006 to 2014. in this research, managerial ability calculated by usingthe data envelopment analysis (dea). following the approach of faulkender andwang, we find that the relation between managerial ability and value of cash hold...

The objective of the present study was to identify managerial competencies. This study reviewed existing managerial competencies in a cultural context resulting in the development of a broad based psychometrically sound leadership questionnaire. The unit of analysis of the research was a theoretical and experimental research related to managerial competencies, provided from seventeen Iranian an...

this research has been done with the aim of explaining environmental and managerial factors that affects on rangeland vegetation distribution in saral rangelands of kurdistan province. after selecting plant types as working area were done sampling from plant types and determined some of plants parameters such as kind and number of plants and cover percentage. various environmental factors such ...

This paper introduces xTrust, a general purpose security framework that supports a wide range of applications and security mechanisms in a way that makes trust highly visible. It provides basic services for identifying paths between peers that are trusted for specific purposes, and for utilizing those paths for the trustworthy exchange of information. The design of the system is based on four g...

Is firm behavior mainly driven by its environment or rather the characteristics of managers? We develop a cognitive theory manager fixed effects, where allocation managerial attention determines behavior. show that in complex environments, endogenous exacerbates effects. Small differences expertise then may result dramatically different behavior, as managers devote scarce way amplifies initial ...

the objective of the present study was to identify managerial competencies. this study reviewed existing managerial competencies in a cultural context resulting in the development of a broad based psychometrically sound leadership questionnaire. the unit of analysis of the research was a theoretical and experimental research related to managerial competencies, provided from seventeen iranian an...