Since antiquity, malaria had a major impact on world history but this brief historical overview focuses on clinical features of malaria from Hippocrates to Osler. In antiquity, physicians tried to differentiate malaria from other acute fevers. The classic descriptions of malaria by Hippocrates in ancient Greece and Celsus in ancient Rome are excerpted here from the original Greek and Latin. The...

BACKGROUND Unani Medicine, also called "Unani-tibb", has a long and impressive record in India based on the grecoarabic medicine and teachings of Hippocrates, Galen and Arab physicians. Its main principle is the maintenance of equilibrium among the various aspects of the body, made up of four elements, different temperaments, simple and compound organs, and four humours. METHODS The main bibl...

The traditional and Islamic medicine is based on bringing out the wasted and hazardous materials from the body. For this reason well known ancient physicians used to do phlebotomy, wet cupping, vomiting, administer laxatives, enema and various other methods. Fortunately, wet cupping is known as an effective method in prevention and treatment for numbers of diseases even by medical society nowad...

Dreams preoccupied the Greek and Roman world in antiquity, therefore they had a prominent role in social, philosophical, religious, historical and political life of those times. They were considered as omens and prophetic signs of future events in private and public life, and that was particularly accentuated when elements of actions which took place in the plot of dreams were associated direct...

The traditional and Islamic medicine is based on bringing out the wasted and hazardous materials from the body. For this reason well known ancient physicians used to do phlebotomy, wet cupping, vomiting, administer laxatives, enema and various other methods. Fortunately, wet cupping is known as an effective method in prevention and treatment for numbers of diseases even by medical society nowad...

although ancient greek physicians studied a great number of ocular diseases in their medical texts such as glaucoma, cataract, trachoma, chalazion, trichiasis, entropion, ectropion and pterygion, in ancient greek art there were only few examples which represent ophthalmic diseases. these examples are found especially in portraits, and the ophthalmological disease is an important feature of the ...

Identifying general patterns of colonization and radiation in island faunas is often hindered by past human-caused extinctions. The insular Caribbean is one of the only complex oceanic-type island systems colonized by land mammals, but has witnessed the globally highest level of mammalian extinction during the Holocene. Using ancient DNA analysis, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of one ...

The recent recovery of ancient DNA from a growing number of human samples shows that mitochondrial DNA haplogroup I was introduced to Europe after the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. This paper provides a spatio-temporal analysis of the various subhaplogroups of mitochondrial DNA I. The study suggests that haplogroup I diversified into haplogroups I1, I2’3, I4 and I5 at specific regions in Eur...

Blood flow in arteries is pulsatile, and palpating arterial pulse has a long history and is full of brilliant surprises. The finding that very ancient physicians applied this technique when diagnosing and treating sick people dates back to 600 BC in Eastern countries. It is thought that arterial pulse was first mentioned in the ‘Classic of Internal Medicine’ Nei Ching written by the Yellow Empe...