Sacral hiatus is caudal opening of sacral canal. Caudal epidural anaesthesia for various therapeutic and diagnostic procedures is administered through sacral hiatus. 25% failure rate of caudal epidural block has been reported in literature. The failure rate of this procedure may be due to variant anatomical features of sacral hiatus. Hence knowing the anatomical variations in shape, size, level...

Information concerning the anatomy of the physiological foramen is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the distance between the physiological and anatomical apex, accessory foramina frequency, and the shape and diameter of the physiological foramen in maxillary and mandibular molars. The apical anatomy of 523 maxillary and 574 mandibular molars from an Egyptian population was inve...

In 1926, the famous American pediatric cardiologist, Dr. Helen B. Taussig, observed that in situs inversus totalis (SIT) main gross anatomical structures and the deep muscle bundles of the ventricles were a mirror image of the normal structure, while the direction of the superficial muscle bundles remained unchanged (H. B. Taussig, Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 39: 199-202, 1926). She and we wondered...

UNLABELLED Root canal anatomical complexities, such as isthmus, may limit the action of the endodontic instruments, irrigant solutions and intracanal medications, leading to endodontic treatment failure. OBJECTIVES This in vitro study assessed the type, position and incidence of isthmus in human permanent molars. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and twenty eight upper and lower first and se...

PURPOSE We assessed the factors predictive of continence recovery after radical retropubic prostatectomy performed by use a single operative technique by a single surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative factors, including age, body mass index (BMI), prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen level, and anatomical information from preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as memb...

Aim: This article analyzed the location of the apical foramen and its relationship with foraminal file size in maxillary central incisors. Methods: Eighty four human maxillary central incisors were used in this study. K-files of progressively increasing diameters were inserted into the root canal until it got snugly fit and the tip was visible at the apical foramen. The files were removed and t...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recently, administration of sciatic nerve block has been revised due to the potential benefit for postoperative analgesia and patient satisfaction after the advent of ultrasound. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical relations of the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa to determine the optimal distance the needle must be positioned in order to realize t...

a holstein heifer with symptoms of dystocia was admitted in the large animal clinic at the university of tabriz. in the vaginal examination, the fetus was found at posterior presentation and by doing someobstetrical maneuvers, a male calf was delivered. an interesting phenomenon was the presence of two skinsacs in dimensions of 12 × 12 cm and 12 × 18 cm at the right and left upper cervical regi...

conclusions the frequency of isthmuses in the mesial root of mandibular first molars was high. the results of clinical and surgical endodontic procedures may be affected by this aspect of root canal anatomy. results isthmus was present in 54% of teeth. the greatest frequency of isthmuses was observed in the 5 mm from the apex. the type v isthmus was the most prevalent isthmuses between all leve...

Metastatic tumors to the orbit are rare, especially from a primary pancreatic carcinoma. A 59-year-old man presented with 4 weeks of right eye pain and eyelid swelling. There was right upper eyelid ptosis associated with a right supraduction deficit consistent with a superior divisional third cranial nerve (CN III) palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right orbital apex lesion. A right ...