Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measurement was carried out using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) technique (Airmo VOCs online analyzer) in a typical urban area in Beijing from April 2014 to January 2015. Ambient levels, variation characteristics and influential factors contributing to the formation of near-ground-ozone and secondary organic aerosols as well ...

Laboratory experiments permit quantifying the effects of an atmosphere on cratering efficiency by hypervelocity impacts. Three separable processes have been identified: ambient a mospheric p essure, a rodynamic drag, and pr.•ectile-atmosphere interactions. The effect of ambient atmosphere can be described by a dimensionless pressure ratio, P/By/" for a pressure P, target density 8, and impact v...

We investigate the details of Titan's interaction with Saturn's magnetosphere, which includes formation of an ionopause and its location and mass loading via ion pickup. We present some new interpretations of the Voyager 1 encounter results, not previously done by Hartle and coworkers [1]. Using arguments based on theory and observation we show that in the outer pickup region, ion pickup of H +...

A blast wave is formed in an ambient atmosphere when there is a rapid release of energy from a concentrated source. Examples of such sources are the detonation of an exothermic material such as trinitrotoluene (TNT); nuclear fission or fusion; the rupture of a pressurized container; a spark, or the rapid heating caused by a focused pulsed laser. The sudden release of energy causes the material ...

Measurements of nanoscale friction between silicon AFM tips featuring an in-situ solid state heater and silicon substrates (both with native oxide) were performed. The temperature of the heater was varied between room temperature and approximately 650 °C. For these temperatures and the silicon substrate, the temperatures at the point of contact are estimated to range from room temperature to ap...

The atmospheric chemistry of the 2- to 4-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which exist mainly in the gas phase in the atmosphere, is discussed. The dominant loss process for the gas-phase PAH is by reaction with the hydroxyl radical, resulting in calculated lifetimes in the atmosphere of generally less than one day. The hydroxyl (OH) radical-initiated reactions and nitrate (NO3) radi...

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) technique for stand-off detection of geological samples for use on landers and rovers to Mars, and for other space applications. For space missions, LIBS analysis capabilities must be investigated and instrumental development is required to take into account constraints such as size, weight, power...