Letters and digits, although similar in many respects, also differ in potentially significant ways. Most importantly, letters are elements of an alphabetic writing system, whereas digits are logographs. In this article, we explore whether letters and digits are identified by a single character identification process that makes no fundamental distinction between the two types of characters, or w...

To understand the reading process, it is necessary to explore mechanisms of visual word recognition. The basic level that recognition processing letters, their size and identity. specificity Serbian language characterized by parallel use two alphabetic systems – Latin Cyrillic, which contain a number common, but also own unique letters. Since some differences between fonts are based on specific...

In this paper we propose a method for the automatic decipherment of lost languages. Given a non-parallel corpus in a known related language, our model produces both alphabetic mappings and translations of words into their corresponding cognates. We employ a non-parametric Bayesian framework to simultaneously capture both low-level character mappings and highlevel morphemic correspondences. This...

A novel technique for speaker independent automated speech recognition is proposed. We take a segment model approach to Automated Speech Recognition (ASR), considering the trajectory of an utterance in vector space, then classify using a modified Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and maximum likelihood rule. The system performs favourably with established techniques. Our system achieves in exc...

In contrast with for example audiovisual speech, the relation between visual and auditory properties of letters and speech sounds is artificial and learned only by explicit instruction. The arbitrariness of the audiovisual link together with the widespread usage of letter-speech sound pairs in alphabetic languages makes those audiovisual objects a unique subject for crossmodal research. Brain i...

Previous research supports the view that initial letter position has a privileged role in comparison to internal letters for visual-word recognition in Roman script. The current study examines whether this is the case for Thai. Thai is an alphabetic script in which ordering of the letters does not necessarily correspond to the ordering of a word's phonemes. Furthermore, Thai does not normally h...

Learning to associate auditory information of speech sounds with visual information of letters is a first and critical step for becoming a skilled reader in alphabetic languages. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown which brain areas subserve the learning and automation of such associations. Here, we employ functional magnetic resonance imaging to study letter-speech sound integration in ch...

When formal literacy instruction begins, around the age of 5 or 6, children from families low in socioeconomic status (SES) tend to be less prepared than children from families of higher SES. The goal of our study is to explore one route through which SES may influence children's early literacy skills: informal conversations about letters. The study builds on previous studies (Robins and Treima...

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of distance learning technologies, where online tests and exams play an important role. In testing, detection various types academic fraud, including cases examinee is falsely represented by another person, particular importance. Continuous biometric (behavioral) authentication can be a solution to counter unauthorized access. This paper pro...