Acid and Alkaline Phosphatases There are probably many different phosphatases present in living organisms and much valuable data is being accumulated on their identity and methods of differential estimation. In the present state of our knowledge, however, and from the aspect of clinical application, we can best think of them in terms of two groups, the socalled' alkaline ' and' acid' phosphatas...

Vertebrate cells require a very narrow pH range for survival. Cells accordingly possess sensory and defense mechanisms for situations where the pH deviates from the viable range. Although the monitoring of acidic pH by sensory neurons has been attributed to several ion channels, including transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel (TRPV1) and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), the mechani...

The synchronous change in the antral release of gastrin and somatostatin into a vein draining the stomach was studied during acidic and alkaline intragastric pH in six anaesthetised duodenal ulcer patients and six controls after atropinisation. No differences in the basal secretion of gastrin and somatostatin were observed among the two groups. Alkaline as well as acidic intragastric pH had no ...

To clarify the formation process of acid metarhodopsin in the cephalopod rhodopsin cycle, changes in the difference spectrum of squid (Todarodes pacificus) rhodopsin in acid (pH 5.7, or pH 6.1) and alkaline (pH 10.2) solutions were studied at various temperatures by applying the flash photolytic technique. An intermediate with an absorption maximum at about 475 nm was transformed from lumirhodo...

OBJECTIVES At the cellular level, tissue-bound pepsin is fundamental to the pathophysiologic mechanism of reflux disease, and although the thresholds for laryngeal damage in laryngopharyngeal reflux and for esophageal damage in gastroesophageal reflux disease differ, both forms of damage are due to pepsin, which requires acid for its activation. In addition, human pepsin remains stable at pH 7....

The capacity of bacteria to survive and grow at alkaline pH values is of widespread importance in the epidemiology of pathogenic bacteria, in remediation and industrial settings, as well as in marine, plant-associated and extremely alkaline ecological niches. Alkali-tolerance and alkaliphily, in turn, strongly depend upon mechanisms for alkaline pH homeostasis, as shown in pH shift experiments ...

Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral that has low solubility in alkaline soils, where its deficiency results in chlorosis. Whether low Fe supply and alkaline pH stress are equivalent is unclear, as they have not been treated as separate variables in molecular physiological studies. Additionally, molecular responses to these stresses have not been studied in leaf and root tissues simultaneously. We...

To understand the molecular basis of higher pH catalytic adaptation of family 11 xylanases, we compared the structures of alkaline, neutral, and acidic active xylanases and analyzed mutants of xylanase Xyn11A-LC from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. SN5. It was revealed that alkaline active xylanases have increased charged residue content, an increased ratio of negatively to positively charged residue...

INTRODUCTION Endocrine resistance in breast cancer is associated with enhanced metastatic potential and poor clinical outcome, presenting a significant therapeutic challenge. We have established several endocrine insensitive breast cancer lines by shRNA induced depletion of estrogen receptor (ER) by transfection of MCF-7 cells which all exhibit enhanced expression profile of mesenchymal markers...

The effect of environmental pH on the proliferative activity of sparse 3T3 cell cultures was investigated. When quiescent (serum-starved) cells were transferred to a serum-depleted medium in which pH had been elevated, cell proliferation was stimulated during the first 24 hr after the medium change, as reflected by an increase in cell number and in the proportion of cells synthesizing DNA (meas...