Ion-exchange membranes have been used in various industrial processes, e.g., in the electrodialytic concentration of seawater to produce edible salt, as a separator for electrolysis, in the desalination of saline water by electrodialysis, in the separation of ionic materials from non-ionic materials by electrodialysis, in the recovery of acid and alkali from waste acid and alkali solution by di...

Synthesis of new podands from resorcinarene and diethylene glycols are reported. The binding properties of these podands with alkali metal cations was studied by means of ESI-MS. The experimental results for podands with long diethylene glycol arms show the stable inclusion complexes with one or two metal cations and high affinity for sodium and potassium ions. This podands under appropriate co...

the conversion of the cellulose into 5-hmf would experience three steps, cellulose to glycose, glycose to fructose and fructose to 5-hmf. chloride ion can break down the hydrogen bond in cellucose, chromium can catalyze the isomerization of glycose to fructose, and the high temperature is helpful to cyclohydration of fructose to 5-hmf. in this paper, the sawdust has been directly degraded into ...

Soil alkalization severely affects crop growth and agricultural productivity. Alkali salts impose ionic, osmotic, and high pH stresses on plants. The alkali tolerance molecular mechanism in roots from halophyte Puccinellia tenuiflora is still unclear. Here, the changes associated with Na2CO3 tolerance in P. tenuiflora roots were assessed using physiological and iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomi...

The binary intermetallic clathrates K8-xSi46 (x = 0.4; 1.2), Rb6.2Si46, Rb11.5Si136 and Cs7.8Si136 were prepared from M₄Si₄ (M = K, Rb, Cs) precursors by spark-plasma route (SPS) and structurally characterized by Rietveld refinement of PXRD data. The clathrate-II phase Rb11.5Si136 was synthesized for the first time. Partial crystallographic site occupancy of the alkali metals, particularly for ...

To understand the role of permeating ions in determining blocking ion-induced rectification, we examined block of the ROMK1 inward-rectifier K+ channel by intracellular tetraethylammonium in the presence of various alkali metal ions in both the extra- and intracellular solutions. We found that the channel exhibits different degrees of rectification when different alkali metal ions (all at 100 m...

Alkali halides and alkaline earth halides are strongly ionic compounds that solidify as crystals. The name for the alkali elements (Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) comes from the Arabic word alqili (ashes of the salt-wort plant that was once used as a source of sodium and potassium for making glass from sand). The name for the halogen elements (F, Cl, Br, I—and the rare radioactive element astatine) come...

Negative ion photoelectron spectra are reported for the heteronuclear alkali dimer and trimer anions, NaK-, KRb-, KCs-, RbCs-, Na$-, and KzCsat 488 nm. In addition to assigning all ofthe electronic transitions observed in the mixed dimer anion spectra, vertical detachment energies, adiabatic electron affmities, and dimer anion dissociation energies have also been determined. A linear correlatio...

Alkali ion-exchanged Y-zeolites significantly enhance asymmetric induction in the photoisomerization of a number of cis-1,2-diphenylcyclopropane derivatives containing a distant chiral auxiliary.

We have predicted the phase transition pressure in some alkali halides using an interatomic potential approach based on rigid ion model. This potential form represents the composite form of the inverse power dependence and exponential dependence of the repulsive energy on interionic distance. Some thermoelastic properties such as second order elastic constants have been calculated using the sam...