Results Mean summer temperature across the study area decreased by 3 C per degree of increasing latitude (6 C across the study area). In the northern part of the study area, where seed viability was low, alder was less dominant than at southern sites where seed viability was high. The age structure of alder populations across the temperature gradient was highly variable, except in the northern ...

the effect of european black alder (alnus glutinosa l.) on the contents of carbon and nitrogen,exchangeable base cations, and plant available forms of phosphorus in the reclaimed mine soils formed bywaste deposition from opencast lignite mines was researched in central serbia. it was concluded that thegreatest part of dead organic residues reaching the soil under european black alder monocultur...

A famous lower bound for the bilinear complexity of the multiplication in associative algebras is the Alder–Strassen bound. Algebras for which this bound is tight are called algebras of minimal rank. After 25 years of research, these algebras are now well understood. We here start the investigation of the algebras for which the Alder–Strassen bound is off by one. As a first result, we completel...

The methyl ether derivatives 2, 4 and 6 of the mulberry Diels-Alder adducts chalcomoracin (1) and mulberrofuran C (3) and kuwanon J (5) respectively have been synthesized by a thermal [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction between a chalcone and dehydroprenyl diene. A H-bonded ortho OH substituent on the chalcone was found to be essential for Diels-Alder reactivity. Density functional theory calculatio...

Green alder (Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa) is a dominant understory shrub during secondary successional development of upland forests throughout interior Alaska, where it contributes substantially to the nitrogen (N) economy through atmospheric N2 fixation. Across a replicated 200? year old vegetation chronosequence, we tested the hypotheses that green alder has strong effects on soil chemical ...

The first enantioselective total syntheses of prenylflavonoid Diels-Alder natural products (-)-kuwanon I, (+)-kuwanon J, (-)-brosimone A, and (-)-brosimone B have been accomplished from a common intermediate based on a concise synthetic strategy. Key elements of the synthesis include a biosynthesis-inspired asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloaddition mediated by a chiral ligand/boron Lewis acid, as we...

Unlike normal Diels-Alder reactions of acyclic alkadienes with alkenes, the vinylbicyclo[2.2.2]octene employed in the Baran total synthesis of vinigrol undergoes a quantitative Diels-Alder reaction with a tethered alkene at room temperature. Density functional theory calculations reveal that this unprecedented reactivity originates from a combination of preorganization, diene strain, and tether...

The aqueous Diels-Alder reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene with 1,4-benzoquinone was compared and contrasted to the same reaction catalyzed with Flextyl P, a novel Ti(IV) performance catalyst. The catalyst improved conversion by 22% versus the uncatalyzed reaction and represents a rare example of a Ti(IV) catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction in water.

New high-yielding synthetic routes to the small-molecule endofullerenes H2O@C60, D2O@C60 and H2@C60 are described. The use of high temperatures and pressures for the endohedral molecule incorporation are avoided. A new partial closure step using PPh3, and final suturing using a novel Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder sequence are amongst the advances reported.

Anand Iyer, Amy MCTague, Andrew Curran, Anandhi Inbasagaran, Angela Vincent, Rachel Kneen 1 Littlewood Neurosciences Unit, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool. 2 Dewi Jones Child Psychiatry Unit, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool. 3 The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. 4 Institute of Infection and Global Health, Uni...