Oral fluids are being used as an alternative matrix to urine for drug testing. Oral fluid is considered to be less invasive and much more difficult to adulterate than urine samples. Samples of oral fluid are typically screened by an ELISA immunoassay method. Those found to be positive must be further analyzed with a mass spectrometry confirmation technique. The confirmation technique must be ab...

The regulation of biotechnology in the United States and Canada is based on principles that reflect respect for the new technology, yet also recognize that most traditional approaches to regulation, employing sound science and common sense, still apply. Four specific principles form the framework on which regulatory schemes are based: (1) the products of biotechnology will not differ fundamenta...

Neuropathological studies often use autopsy brain tissue as controls to evaluate changes in protein or RNA levels in several diseases. In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), several genes are up or down regulated throughout the epileptogenic and chronic stages of the disease. Given that postmortem changes in several gene transcripts could impact the detection of changes in case-control studie...

Recently, both the media and medical literature have directed attention towards neutropenia associated with levamisole-adulterated cocaine. Levamisole, available in South America as an anti-helminthic veterinary agent, was previously used in the United States (US) for treatment of colon cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Due to its well-established adverse effect of reversible neutropenia in appr...

In daily life, beef often serves as a staple food for humans. However, the high and expensive price of has prompted traders to adulterate it with pork sake profit. Such adulteration serious implications in Islamic religion, where not all types meat are considered halal (permissible consumption), such pork. As result, consumers remain unaware that they purchase been adulterated At glance, both e...

According to the classic "diet-heart" hypothesis, high dietary intake of saturated fats and cholesterol combined with low intake of polyunsaturated fats can increase levels of serum cholesterol and lead to the development of atherogenic plaques and ultimately cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the beneficial health effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid (LA),...

vegetable oils and fats have a big contribution in our diet as cooking or frying oil, salad oil or in food products formulation. they are important from nutritional and economical point of views. their authenticity is a serious issue since old time. some edible oils and fats such as olive oil, cocoa butter and milk fat are so expensive which makes tempting to adulterate them with other lower pr...

Food is something that indispensable and poisoning related to food hard control. In this Era of fast-moving world What we all lack take the correct decision choice lifestyle opt. Poisoning a major health concern becoming more common day by day. PCOS infertility are one among headlines gets hear in his Era. can be linked nowadays variety areas, including junk with chemical preservatives, various...

The aims of this research were to evaluate the effectiveness a phage cocktail at reducing seven Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups on different food matrixes: mung bean sprouts (MBP), lettuce, and seeds (MBS) test reduce E. O157 Romaine iceberg lettuce. To study effect type matrix STEC effectiveness, mixture highly sensitive strains designated as propagation (PPS) used adulterat...

The resin of Ferula gumosa (galbanum) has been used in Persia for thousands of years. The habitats of this exceptional and endemic Iranian species is closely correlated to the parameters of rainfall and, mostly, to the usual winter fog. Within the last decades, the scarcity of the raw material was the reason for a dramatic increase in adulterations. Currently, more than five times the amount ac...