Acute otitis media occurs mostly after upper respiratory tract infection; the causative bacteria are those colonized in the nasopharynx. We studied 709 episodes of upper respiratory tract infection and found that children with no bacteria in the nasopharynx were at low risk for acute otitis media, whereas children with 3 pathogenic bacteria were at the greatest risk.

Hand hygiene may be associated with modest protection against some acute respiratory tract infections, but its specific role in influenza transmission in different settings is unclear. We aimed to review evidence that improving hand hygiene reduces primary and secondary transmission of (i) influenza and (ii) acute respiratory tract infections in community settings. We searched Medline, Embase, ...

Acute respiratory tract infection is a leading cause of significant morbidity worldwide. It is one of the most important causes of mortality in infants and young children and disabilityadjusted life years lost in developing countries (WHO 2009). Although some viruses, such as influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and human adenovirus are responsible for most acute respiratory tract infec...

background and objectives: human bocavirus (hbov) is a newly discovered parvovirus. it has been detected primarily in children with acute respiratory tract infections. this study was conducted to clarify the frequency and genotype circulation pattern of hbov in iran. materials and methods: conventional pcr was performed on throat swabs of patients less than two years of age with respiratory ill...

Infant mortality rate can be measure of nation’s health and social condition. It’s a composite number rates with Acute Respiratory Infection factors after seen as an indicators to measures the level socio economic within country. The under five children’s population acute higher about 30% in India accordance ARTI (acute respiratory tract infection) also much among children`s. it is 30-60% medic...

In troduc tion For a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanismof infectious diseases it is important to know the molecular basis of how the host responds to microbial pathogens and eliminates them. Recent advances in immunology and molecular biology have led to the discovery of a large number of cytokines and cell surface molecules, which allows us to understand such pathogenic mechanism...

INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide threat to public health. Acute respiratory tract infections are the main reason for antibiotic prescribing in the Spanish paediatric population. The aim of the study was to describe the frequency of antibiotic prescription and their pattern of use in acute respiratory tract infections diagnosed in children in Primary Care in Aragón (Spain). ...

AIMS To establish the prevalence and clinical correlates of HIV among children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. METHODS Children admitted to a rural Zambian hospital were studied over an eight month period. The diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection was made clinically, according to World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. Clinicians, who were unaware of the childr...

conclusions although several studies have investigated viral respiratory co-infection, no study has evaluated the rate of respiratory co-infections in adenovirus-positive samples from children younger than 5 years. however, this study has filled this gap, the the number of co-infections were too small to draw any definite conclusions. therefore, large-scale studies using bigger samples are requ...

By PCR, we detected a high frequency of viruses in adenoids obtained from children without acute respiratory symptoms. Our results suggest that persistent/latent viral infection in the respiratory tract confounds interpretation of the association of pathogen detection by PCR with acute respiratory infection in these sources.