BACKGROUND TO THE DEBATE The UK Medical Research Council defines complex interventions as those comprising "a number of separate elements which seem essential to the proper functioning of the interventions although the 'active ingredient' of the intervention that is effective is difficult to specify." A typical example is specialist care on a stroke unit, which involves a wide range of health p...

A water-soluble chicken extract is popularly consumed as a traditional health food. The studies made revealed that it could increase the survival time and inhibit the increase of locomotor activity in rats loaded with food-deprived activity stress. The mechanism for this might be related to an elevation of the brain histamine level, and the active ingredient, carnosine, might contribute to this...

The crystal structures of dimorphic benzylthiouracil, a drug against hyperthyroidism, have been redetermined and the atom coordinates two independent molecules form I obtained for first time. dimorphism convincingly demonstrates conformational versatility benzylthiouracil molecule. It has established through calorimetric studies that low-temperature II transforms endothermically (?II?IH = 5.6(1...

Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), a classical Chinese prescription, has been clinically employed to treat cerebral ischemia for thousands of years. Geniposide is the major active ingredient in HLJDT. The aim is to investigate the comparative evaluations on pharmacokinetics of geniposide in MCAO rats in pure geniposide, geniposide : berberine, and geniposide : berberine : baicalin. Obviously, the ...

The discovery of brassinolide in 1979, a milestone in brassinosteroids research, has sparked great interest of brassinolide analogs (BLs) in agricultural applications. Among these BLs, propionylbrassinolide has captured considerable attention because it shows plant growth regulating activity with an excellent durability. Two impurities of propionylbrassinolide were isolated and purified by semi...

Herbicide plays the main role in guaranteeing the quantity and quality of food. Soybean reactive oxygen species scavenging system eliminates the herbicides’ side effects on the plant by activating antioxidant enzymes, which affects the yield. So, we investigated this procedure to reveal the effect of herbicides on food production. Methods: Experiments were carried out in two locations of Alborz...

AIM to quantify the extent of counterfeit sildenafil in Indonesia. METHODS the study was conducted in 4 big areas: Jakarta, Bandung, East Java (Surabaya and Malang), and Medan. Sildenafil 100 mg tablets were purchased from pharmacies, drugstores, street peddlers, and 3 Indonesian websites. The outlets were chosen by random sampling in each stratum (type of outlet). Sildenafil tablets purchase...