various opinions have been put forward about achaemenian beliefs and thoughts, especially about the religious beliefs of the achaemenian kings such as cyrus the great. scholars rely on herodotus’s statements that “they didn’t look at building temples and altars as a religious tradition, they refer believing in these things as ignorance and foolishness in the converse opinion to greeks. they did...

undoubtedly achamenids, as the greatest empire of ancient periods that tried to preserve its internal security and defend its frontiers, needed the help of their appointed governors who were usually elected from among achaemenid families. besoos, who was one of achaemenids, was appointed as a governor on east (bacteria). besoos dismissed and killed darius iii and claimed himself as the emperor ...

The main purpose of this article is an analysis of the Continuity Argument, one of the most influential arguments upon which the moral condemnation of scientific and medical practices such as embryo research and experimentation, assisted reproduction, abortion, therapeutic cloning, etc. are based. I have firstly given a very brief account of the approach that attributes the status of marker eve...

This paper presents a modular introduction to crash-tolerant and Byzantine-tolerant protocols for reaching consensus that use the method introduced by the Paxos algorithm of Lamport and by the viewstamped replication algorithm of Oki and Liskov. The consensus protocol runs a sequence of epoch abstractions as governed by an epoch-change abstraction. Implementations of epoch and epoch-change that...

It is argued that whenever the political situation provides a favourable environment, the archaeological activities have been encouraged to provoke nationalism, and historians in various capacities have used archaeological data and historical records to advocate nationalist agendas.  Owing to its rich archaeological and historical past and its contemporary socio-cultural diversity, Iran is, par...

The article is an expanded version of a paper that the Author had presented at symposium on Sardis in Hellenistic period 2017. Thanks to this re-working original (and already published) paper, can trace extremely rich portrait Gordion within and between Achaemenid periods, summarizing published unpublished archaeological, historical environmental evidence interconnected social, economic, religi...