to know every phenomenon the first step is to know its root. hygiene and medicine have noble origin from the beginning of the recorded human history; in fact, they have been the milestone of human society. medical history will help us to know this background and roots and achaemenid period as a brilliant age of iranian heritage is meritorious to be studied. the present study is an attempt to fi...

Ann C. Gunter looks at the lasting impact of two early exhibitions showcasing Achaemenid art on both later private collections and academic discourse, e.g. in coining rather elusive label ‘pre-Achaemenid’. Not least, often-dubious business practice Arthur U. Pope, central to exhibitions, other antiquities’ dealers are discussed.

although many archaeological evidences have not been found from the achaemenian period, the domain of findings of this period have increased day by bay. one of these evidences includes treasures and cultural findings which have been identified in thrace, situated in the balkan peninsula. this region was of great importance for the achaemenid empire because of its rich underground resources and ...

There is a range of evidence that informs us about the organisation of the Achaemenid Empire, but our understanding ofthe eastern-most reaches of the empire, which lie within the bounds of modern-day Pakistan is relatively limited. Whilethere is evidence for the eastern provinces in imperial art and references to them in Achaemenid Royal inscriptions, thearchaeological record in the subcontinen...

The present paper deals with a description and classification of the Achaemenid short sword akinakes. akinakes was most probably influenced by Scythians or Sakas. Hence, provides brief discussion on other types as well. There were longer examples used Scythians, but archaeological also their depictions stone reliefs tend to depict swords. Stone in Persepolis, Apadana, Persian sites show two One...