children need to learn to use the roads safety. road safety is essential for children’s freedom, development and exercise. when walking near a road it is a good idea to: 1. hold your child's hand. 2. don't let them run ahead. 3. look out for and encourage your child to be aware of hidden entrances or driveways crossing the pavement. 4. put reins on a younger child if they're not ...

The demand for timber products is facilitating the degradation and opening up of large areas of intact habitats rich in biodiversity. Logging creates an extensive network of access roads within the forest, yet these are commonly ignored or excluded when assessing impacts of logging on forest biodiversity. Here we determine the impact of these roads on the overall condition of selectively logged...

Forest roads are the most important elements of forestry projects, the management, supervision, care, and only access way to the forest for mechanized harvesting and using other services of forests. The aim of this study was to compare the current annual increment of basal area in different distances from the road in northern forests of Iran. For this purpose, 50 plots were established in 5 dis...

An increasing demand for resources, coupled with technological advances which make remote exploration possible and economically viable, have led to a human push into previously inaccessible areas, including peatlands. In spite of the unsuitable nature peat as substrate engineering projects there has been growth vehicular access networks on However, is lack understanding about how such impact pe...

The Government of Tanzania (GoT) has proposed the construction of feeder roads, market centers and storage facilities to improve farmers’ access to markets and increase share of value added of smalland medium-scale producers which will ultimately enhance food security and improve the socio-economic welfare of the farmers and smalland mediumscale producers through increase in household income. T...

F the early 1900s to the late 1940s, road networks in South Australia were developed on the rectangular grid system as an extension to the original planning of early towns and villages. With the advent of the automobile and sealed pavements, most local government authorities constructed a sealed central strip approximately 6 meters wide with wide footpaths and verges around existing street tree...

Despite a broad consensus that high transportation costs are a large barrier to economic development, many of the world’s poor live in rural communities without paved roads, impeding their access to outside markets and public services. Nevertheless, the impact of rural roads on economic activity has proven difficult for economists to assess. We first motivate our empirical approach by demonstra...

Unlimited access to a motorway network can, in overloaded conditions, cause a loss of capacity. Ramp metering (signals on slip roads to control access to the motorway) can help avoid this loss of capacity. The design of ramp metering strategies has several features in common with the design of access control mechanisms in communication networks. Inspired by models and rate control mechanisms de...

This study developed a methodology for generating good alternative locations for road networks using heuristic solution techniques. Locations for road networks are determined based on road standards, timber harvesting and transportation costs, and topographic conditions. The main access road route is designed first and then single stand access roads are located as branches. A Genetic Algorithm ...